許嫁
Chinese
to allow; to permit; to praise to allow; to permit; to praise; surname |
marry (a husband) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (許嫁) | 許 | 嫁 | |
simp. (许嫁) | 许 | 嫁 |
Pronunciation
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
許 | 嫁 |
いいなずけ | |
Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
*/ipinaduke/ → /ifinad͡zuke/ → /iːnazuke/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 言い名付く (iinazuku), modern 言い名付ける (iinazukeru, “to betroth someone, to engage someone to be married, to take someone as a fiancé / fiancée”, literally “to name someone out loud”).[1][2][3][4]
The kanji compound is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 許嫁/许嫁 (xǔjià).
Noun
Synonyms
- (fiancé / fiancée): 婚約者 (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)
Verb
許嫁する or 許嫁する • (iinazuke suru) ←いひばづけ (ifibaduke)?suru (stem 許嫁し (iinazuke shi), past 許嫁した (iinazuke shita))
- (historical) to arrange an engagement, whereby both sets of parents promise that their children shall wed; generally arranged while the children are still young
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | いいなずけし | īnazuke shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | いいなずけする | īnazuke suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | いいなずけすれ | īnazuke sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² |
いいなずけせよ¹ いいなずけしろ² |
īnazuke seyo¹ īnazuke shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 許嫁される | いいなずけされる | īnazuke sareru | |
Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす |
いいなずけさせる いいなずけさす |
īnazuke saseru īnazuke sasu | |
Potential | 許嫁できる | いいなずけできる | īnazuke dekiru | |
Volitional | 許嫁しよう | いいなずけしよう | īnazuke shiyō | |
Negative | 許嫁しない | いいなずけしない | īnazuke shinai | |
Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | いいなずけせず | īnazuke sezu | |
Formal | 許嫁します | いいなずけします | īnazuke shimasu | |
Perfective | 許嫁した | いいなずけした | īnazuke shita | |
Conjunctive | 許嫁して | いいなずけして | īnazuke shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | いいなずけすれば | īnazuke sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
許 | 嫁 |
ゆいなずけ | |
Grade: 5 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Irregular shift from iinazuke above,[2] apparently influenced by the alternative yui reading for root verb stem 言う (ii, standard reading), and possibly also influenced by 結い (yui, “knot; binding together”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 結う (yuu, “to tie a knot; to bind together”)).
Usage notes
This reading appears to be rare. The senses are all the same as for iinazuke above.
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
許 | 嫁 |
きょ Grade: 5 |
か Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 許嫁 (MC xjoX kaeH, “permitted; betrothed + marriage”).
Noun
許嫁 • (kyoka)
Synonyms
- (fiancé / fiancée): 婚約者 (kon'yakusha), フィアンセ (fianse) (much more common)
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 許嫁し | きょかし | kyoka shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 許嫁する | きょかする | kyoka suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 許嫁すれ | きょかすれ | kyoka sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 許嫁せよ¹ 許嫁しろ² |
きょかせよ¹ きょかしろ² |
kyoka seyo¹ kyoka shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 許嫁される | きょかされる | kyoka sareru | |
Causative | 許嫁させる 許嫁さす |
きょかさせる きょかさす |
kyoka saseru kyoka sasu | |
Potential | 許嫁できる | きょかできる | kyoka dekiru | |
Volitional | 許嫁しよう | きょかしよう | kyoka shiyō | |
Negative | 許嫁しない | きょかしない | kyoka shinai | |
Negative continuative | 許嫁せず | きょかせず | kyoka sezu | |
Formal | 許嫁します | きょかします | kyoka shimasu | |
Perfective | 許嫁した | きょかした | kyoka shita | |
Conjunctive | 許嫁して | きょかして | kyoka shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 許嫁すれば | きょかすれば | kyoka sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN