薔薇

See also: 蔷薇

Chinese

		wild rose	Osmunda regalis
trad. (薔薇)		薔	薇
simp. (蔷薇)		蔷	薇

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiángwēi, qiángwéi

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄟ, ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ mei⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiông-bî / chhiûⁿ-bî
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zhian-vi; ⁶zhia-bi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiángwēi
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciángwei
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-wei¹
  - Yale: chyáng-wēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanguei
  - Palladius: цянвэй (cjanvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiángwéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciángwéi
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-wei²
  - Yale: chyáng-wéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangwei
  - Palladius: цянвэй (cjanvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    牆帷／墙帷
    薔薇／蔷薇
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng⁴ mei⁴
  - Yale: chèuhng mèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ mei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ méi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ mei̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiông-bî
  - Tâi-lô: tshiông-bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiongbii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²³⁻³³ bi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bi²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiûⁿ-bî
  - Tâi-lô: tshiûnn-bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chviu'bii
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiũ²⁴⁻¹¹ bi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiũ²³⁻³³ bi²³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhian-vi; ⁶zhia-bi
  - MiniDict: zhian^去 vi; zhia^去 bi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxian-vi; ³xxia-bi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiã²² vi⁴⁴/, /ʑia²² bi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzjang mij|mj+j

Rime
Character	薔	薇	薇
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	脂 (17)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	在良切	武悲切	無非切
Baxter	dzjang	mij	mj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨɐŋ/	/mˠiɪ/	/mʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɐŋ/	/mᵚi/	/mʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziɑŋ/	/miɪ/	/miuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨaŋ/	/mji/	/muj/
Li Rong	/d͡ziaŋ/	/mji/	/miuəi/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭaŋ/	/mi/	/mĭwəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯aŋ/	/mi/	/mwe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiáng	mí	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng⁴	mei⁴	mei⁴

Noun

薔薇

(botany) rose, especially multiflora rose

Derived terms

薔薇戰爭／蔷薇战争
薔薇硝／蔷薇硝
薔薇科／蔷薇科
薔薇露／蔷薇露
野薔薇／野蔷薇

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (薔薇):

→ Japanese: 薔薇(しょうび) (shōbi); 薔薇(そうび) (sōbi)
→ Korean: 장미(薔薇) (jangmi)
→ Vietnamese: tường vi (薔薇)

Japanese

Etymology 1

薔薇 (bara, shōbi, sōbi): a rose.

Kanji in this term
薔	薇
ばら
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
荊棘 ("bramble") バラ ("rose")

From 茨 (ibara, “bramble, briar”), itself an alteration from earlier reading ubara of the same meaning. The reading mubara appears in Heian period sources, but ubara is older.[1]

The spelling is from Chinese 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばら [bàrá] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

薔薇(ばら) or 薔薇(バラ) • (bara)

any shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar
a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as バラ.

Derived terms

薔薇(ばら)園(えん) (baraen)
薔薇色(ばらいろ) (barairo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
薔	薇
しょう Hyōgaiji	び Hyōgaiji
kan’on

/sʲaubi/ → /ɕʲɔːbi/ → /ɕoːbi/

From Middle Chinese 薔薇 (MC dzjang|srik mij|mj+j, literally “wild rose + kind of fern”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーび [shóꜜòbì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːbʲi]

Noun

薔(しょう)薇(び) • (shōbi) ^{←しやうび (syaubi)^?}

a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose
a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, literally “layering”, a traditional style of layering robes or kimono), with crimson for the outer layer and purple for the inner layer

Usage notes

For the rose sense, the bara reading above is most common.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
薔	薇
そう Hyōgaiji	び Hyōgaiji
goon	kan’on

/saubi/ → /sɔːbi/ → /soːbi/

Uses the goon reading of sō for the first character, and the kan'on reading of bi for the second character. Appears to be a shift in reading from shōbi above.[4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そーび [sóꜜòbì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːbʲi]

Noun

薔(そう)薇(び) • (sōbi) ^{←さうび (saubi)^?}

a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose
a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, literally “layering”, a traditional style of layering robes or kimono), with crimson for the outer layer and purple for the inner layer

Usage notes

For the rose sense, the bara reading above is most common.

References

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
薔	薇

Noun

薔薇 • (jangmi) (hangeul 장미)

Hanja form^? of 장미 (“rose”).

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[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN