芥子

Chinese
Brassica juncea
 
child; son; (noun suffix)
child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (芥子) 芥 子
simp. #(芥子) 芥 子

Pronunciation

Noun

芥子

  1. mustard seeds
  2. (Buddhism) tiny thing

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (芥子):

(from Early Mandarin)

  • → Middle Korean: 계ᄌᆞ (kyeyco)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
芥 子
から
Jinmeiyō		 し
Grade: 1
jukujikun on’yomi
Alternative spellings
辛子
芥

From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).[1][2]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) からし [kàráshí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɾa̠ɕi]

Noun

芥(から)子(し) • (karashi) 

  1. Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea [from early 10th c.]
  2. a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard [from mid-8th c.]
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 芥子(からし)和(あ)え (karashi-ae)
  • 芥子(からし)色(いろ) (karashi-iro)
  • 芥子(からし)醤油(じょうゆ) (karashi-jōyu)
  • 芥子(からし)酢(ず) (karashizu)
  • 芥子(からし)漬(づ)け (karashi-zuke)
  • 芥子(からし)泥(でい) (karashidei)
  • 芥子(カラシ)菜(ナ) (karashina)
  • 芥子(からし)味噌(みそ) (karashi miso)
  • 芥子(からし)マヨネーズ (karashi mayonēzu)
  • 芥子(からし)油(ゆ) (karashiyu)
  • 芥子(からし)湯(ゆ) (karashiyu)
  • 芥子(からし)蓮根(れんこん) (karashi renkon)
  • 犬(イヌ)芥子(ガラシ) (inugarashi)
  • 唐(とう)辛子(がらし) (tōgarashi)
  • 江戸(えど)芥子(がらし) (Edo-garashi)
  • オランダ芥子(ガラシ) (Oranda-garashi, “watercress”)
  • 川(カワ)芥子(カラシ) (kawakarashi)
  • 菊(キク)葉(バ)芥子(ガラシ) (kikuba-garashi)
  • 田(タ)芥子(ガラシ) (tagarashi)
  • 溶(と)き芥子(がらし) (tokigarashi)
  • 練(ね)り芥子(がらし) (nerigarashi)
  • 浜(ハマ)芥子(ガラシ) (hamagarashi)
  • 洋(よう)芥子(がらし) (yōgarashi)
  • 和(わ)芥子(がらし) (wagarashi)
Proverbs

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
芥 子
かい
Jinmeiyō		 し
Grade: 1
kan’on
Kanji in this term
芥 子
かい > がい
Jinmeiyō		 し
Grade: 1
irregular kan’on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

芥(かい)子(し) or 芥(がい)子(し) • (kaishi or gaishi) 

  1. (especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 芥(かい)子(し)園画伝(えんがでん) (Kaishi Engaden)
  • 芥(かい)子(し)紙(し) (kaishishi)
  • 芥(かい)子(し)精(せい) (kaishisei)
  • 芥(かい)子(し)泥(でい) (kaishidei)
  • 芥(かい)子(し)油(ゆ) (kaishiyu)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
芥 子
け
Jinmeiyō		 し
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
罌粟

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

芥(け)子(し) or 芥子(ケシ) • (keshi) 

  1. [from early 800s] (prefixed to nouns) something tiny
  2. [from 940] (archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
  3. [from 1400s] the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum; more broadly, any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy
    Synonym: ポピー (popī)
  4. [from 1800s] Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots
  5. [date uncertain] an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds
  6. [from 1785] Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 芥子和(けしあ)え (keshi-ae)
  • 芥子(けし)頭(あたま) (keshiatama)
  • 芥子(ケシ)薊(アザミ) (keshiazami)
  • 芥子(けし)油(あぶら) (keshi abura)
  • 芥子(けし)尼(あま) (keshi ama)
  • 芥子(けし)金(がね) (keshigane)
  • 芥子(けし)鹿(か)の子(こ) (keshi kanoko)
  • 芥子(けし)禿(かむろ) (keshikamuro)
  • 芥子(けし)括(ぐく)り (keshigukuri)
  • 芥子胡麻(けしごま) (keshigoma)
  • 芥子(けし)粒(つぶ) (keshitsubu)
  • 芥子酢(けしず) (keshizu)
  • 芥子(けし)人形(にんぎょう) (keshi ningyō)
  • 芥子繍(けしぬ)い (keshinui)
  • 芥子(けし)の香(か) (keshi no ka)
  • 芥子之(けしの)助(すけ) (Keshinosuke)
  • 芥子(けし)雛(びな) (keshibina)
  • 芥子(けし)坊主(ぼうず) (keshi bōzu)
  • 芥子(けし)本(ぼん) (keshibon)
  • 芥子(けし)餠(もち) (keshimochi)
  • 芥子焼(けしや)き (keshiyaki)
  • 芥子油(けしゆ) (keshiyu)
  • お芥子(けし) (o-keshi)
  • 鬼(オニ)芥子(ゲシ) (onigeshi)
  • 小芥子(こけし) (kokeshi, “kokeshi doll”)
  • 野芥子(ノゲシ) (nogeshi)
  • 花(はな)芥子(げし) (hanageshi)
  • 雛(ヒナ)芥子(ゲシ) (hinageshi)
Idioms
  • 芥子(けし)に須弥(しゅみ)を蔵(ぞう)す (keshi ni shumi o zōsu, “store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object”)
  • 芥子(けし)を千(ち)にも割(わ)る (keshi o chi ni mo waru, “cut a poppy seed into thousands → cut into fine pieces”)
See also

Proper noun

芥(け)子(し) • (Keshi) 

  1. a surname

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. “芥子・罌粟”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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