腰鼓

Chinese
 
waist; lower back; pocket
waist; lower back; pocket; middle
 
convex; drum; to rouse
convex; drum; to rouse; to beat
trad. (腰鼓) 腰 鼓
simp. #(腰鼓) 腰 鼓

Pronunciation

Noun

腰鼓

  1. waist-drum
  2. waist-drum dance

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (腰鼓):
  • → Japanese: 腰鼓(ようこ) (yōko)
  • → Korean: 요고(腰鼓) (yogo)

Japanese
腰鼓 (yōko, koshitsuzumi, kuretsuzumi): a performer in the Jidai Matsuri, carrying a double-headed drum of the yōko / koshitsuzumi / kuretsuzumi type.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
腰 鼓
よう
Grade: S		 こ
Grade: S
kan’on

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 腰鼓 (MC 'jiew kuX, literally “waist + drum”). First cited in Japanese to a text from 780.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

腰(よう)鼓(こ) • (yōko) ←えうこ (euko)?

  1. [from 780] a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands
    Synonyms: 呉鼓 (kuretsuzumi, uncommon), 腰鼓 (koshitsuzumi, uncommon)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
腰 鼓
こし
Grade: S		 つづみ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 腰 (koshi, “hip, waist”) +‎ 鼓 (tsuzumi, “drum”).[1]

First cited to a text from roughly 1180.[1]

This reading may be archaic; dictionaries that usually include pitch accent information for modern entries do not list any pitch for this term.[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɕit͡sɨᵝzɨᵝmʲi]

Noun

腰(こし)鼓(つづみ) • (koshitsuzumi) 

  1. [from late 1100s] (uncommon, possibly archaic) a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
腰 鼓
くれ
Grade: S		 つづみ
Grade: S
irregular kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 腰鼓 – see the following entry.
【呉鼓くれつづみ】
[noun] Synonym of 腰鼓 (yōko): a type of double-headed drum used in 伎楽 (gigaku, a type of traditional Japanese dance drama), with a narrow waist and circular leather covers on both ends, hung horizontally from the neck to the waist with a long string, and played by striking both sides with both hands
(This term, 腰鼓, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. “腰鼓”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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