肝膽

Chinese

		liver	the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder
trad. (肝膽)		肝	膽
simp. (肝胆)		肝	胆

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāndǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄉㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ daam²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-tám / kan-táⁿ / koaⁿ-táⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāndǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄉㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gandǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-tan³
  - Yale: gān-dǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gandaan
  - Palladius: ганьдань (ganʹdanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gon¹ daam²
  - Yale: gōn dáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ daam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ dam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ taːm³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-tám
  - Tâi-lô: kan-tám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kandarm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-táⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kan-tánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kandvar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ tã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-táⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuann-tánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoa'dvar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁵³/

Noun

肝膽

(literally) liver and gallbladder
- 忘其肝膽，遺其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  忘其肝胆，遗其耳目，…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translation from The Complete Works Of Chuang Tzu (2013), by Burton Watson
  Wàng qí gāndǎn, yí qí ěrmù,...... [Pinyin]
  They forget the liver and gall, cast aside the ears and eyes, [...]
(figurative) openheartedness; sincerity
(figurative) heroic spirit; courage
(figurative) intimacy

Derived terms

互託肝膽／互托肝胆
披瀝肝膽／披沥肝胆
披露肝膽／披露肝胆
有肝膽／有肝胆
肝膽塗地／肝胆涂地
肝膽楚越／肝胆楚越
肝膽照人／肝胆照人
肝膽相照／肝胆相照 (gāndǎnxiāngzhào)
肝膽胡越／肝胆胡越

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (肝膽):

→ Korean: 간담(肝膽) (gandam)
→ Vietnamese: can đảm (肝膽)

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