結界

See also: 结界

Chinese
 
knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit)
knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind
 
boundary; scope; extent
boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)
trad. (結界) 結 界
simp. (结界) 结 界

Etymology
"force field"
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 結界(けっかい) (kekkai).

Pronunciation

Noun

結界

  1. (Buddhism) boundary; restricted area
  2. (Buddhism) a gloss for the Sanskrit term sīmābandha
  3. (fiction, chiefly ACG) force field; invisible barrier

Japanese
Kanji in this term
結 界
けつ > けっ
Grade: 4		 かい
Grade: 3
kan’on

Etymology

Originally a Buddhist term borrowed from Middle Chinese 結界 (MC ket keajH),[1][2] itself a translation of Sanskrit सीमाबन्ध (sīmābandha, literally “boundary, edge + bounded”).[3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

結(けっ)界(かい) • (kekkai) 

  1. (Buddhism) restricted access:
    1. restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
    2. in esoteric Buddhism, restricted access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
    3. a wooden fence or partition separating the inner and outer sanctuaries of a temple, or separating monastic and public seating in the outer sanctuary
    4. an area into which anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training is restricted from entering, such as a 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai, “no-women zone”)
  2. a lattice or screen demarcating a merchant's or shopkeeper's register and bookkeeping area
  3. (tea) an item used in 茶道 (sadō, “tea ceremony”) to visually separate the guest tatami area from the ceremony tatami area
  4. (fantasy) on a small scale, meaning a projected energy barrier, force field, or shield; and on a larger scale, meaning a pocket universe, spiritual or otherwise
    結界(けっかい)を張(は)る
    kekkai o haru
    to set up a force field

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 女人結界(にょにんけっかい) (nyonin kekkai): no-women zone
  • 結界石(けっかいせき) (kekkaiseki): temple border stone
  • 結界地(けっかいち) (kekkaichi): restricted access area
  • 結界術(けっかいじゅつ) (kekkai jutsu): force field or barrier technique
  • 結界限界(けっかいげんかい) (kekkai genkai): force field limit
  • 結界忍術(けっかいにんじゅつ) (kekkai ninjutsu): ninja barrier technique
  • 結界師(けっかいし) (kekkaishi): barrier master or specialist

Verb

結(けっ)界(かい)する • (kekkai suru) suru (stem 結(けっ)界(かい)し (kekkai shi), past 結(けっ)界(かい)した (kekkai shita))

  1. (Buddhism) to restrict access:
    1. to restrict access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training
    2. in esoteric Buddhism, to restrict access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification
    3. to restrict anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training from entering into an area

Conjugation
Conjugation of "結界する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 結界し けっかいし kekkai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 結界し けっかいし kekkai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 結界する けっかいする kekkai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 結界する けっかいする kekkai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 結界すれ けっかいすれ kekkai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 結界せよ¹
結界しろ²		 けっかいせよ¹
けっかいしろ²		 kekkai seyo¹
kekkai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 結界される けっかいされる kekkai sareru
Causative 結界させる
結界さす		 けっかいさせる
けっかいさす		 kekkai saseru
kekkai sasu
Potential 結界できる けっかいできる kekkai dekiru
Volitional 結界しよう けっかいしよう kekkai shiyō
Negative 結界しない けっかいしない kekkai shinai
Negative continuative 結界せず けっかいせず kekkai sezu
Formal 結界します けっかいします kekkai shimasu
Perfective 結界した けっかいした kekkai shita
Conjunctive 結界して けっかいして kekkai shite
Hypothetical conditional 結界すれば けっかいすれば kekkai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

See also

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. “結界”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
  4. “結界”, in 世界大百科事典 第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
  5. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
結界

Noun

結界

  1. chữ Hán form of kết giới (“forcefield”).
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