箜篌

Chinese
phonetic
trad. (箜篌) 箜 篌
simp. #(箜篌) 箜 篌

Etymology

In the Records of the Grand Historian 《史記·封禪書》, a fretted zither plucked with a slender stick was attested as the form 空侯 (OC *kʰoːŋ ɡoː) during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han [111 BCE]. It is uncertain whether the name of the later instruments (angular harp and arched harp) bearing the (orthographically normalised) name 箜篌 (kōnghóu) had inherited from the Han-era one. The name might have originated as transcription of a foreign term from the west.

Compare Sogdian [script needed] (cngryʾ /⁠čangaryā⁠/), [script needed] (cyngryʾ /⁠čingaryā⁠/), both names of this instrument in the Sogdian language, as well as Persian چنگ (čang) and Turkish çeng. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 箜 篌
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 苦紅切 戸鉤切
Baxter khuwng huw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɦəu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɦəu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɣəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰəwŋ/ /ɦəw/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɣu/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɣəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuŋ/ /ɣə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kōng hóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hung1 hau4

Noun

箜篌

  1. (music, chiefly historical) a term used to refer to one of a number of different plucked string instruments (mostly harps) used in the music of ancient China

Usage notes
  • This instrument has been revived in modernized form in the 20th century.

Alternative forms

Synonyms
  • 坎侯

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
箜 篌
く>くう
Hyōgaiji		 ご
Hyōgaiji
irregular kan’yōon
Kanji in this term
箜 篌
く
Hyōgaiji		 ご
Hyōgaiji
goon kan’yōon
箜篌 (kugo, kūgo): a man playing a konghou.

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in a text from 780.[1]

Also found with the lengthened reading kūgo. This appears to be less commonly used.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Standard:

Lenthened:

Noun

箜(く)篌(ご) or 箜篌(くうご) • (kugo or kūgo) 

  1. a konghou, a kind of ancient Chinese harp

Synonyms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
箜篌

Noun

箜篌 • (gonghu) (hangeul 공후)

  1. Hanja form? of 공후 (“any of a number of harps used in ancient East Asia”).
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