窿

窿 U+7ABF, 窿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ABF
← 窾
[U+7ABE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竀 →
[U+7AC0]

Translingual

Han character

窿 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十金弓中一 (JCNLM), four-corner 30214, composition ⿱穴隆)

  1. mineshaft
  2. cavity, hole

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 868, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1297, character 37
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2741, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+7ABF

Chinese
trad. 窿
simp. # 窿

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
贛 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷 *kʰluːms
戇 *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳 *kruːŋs
栙 *ɡruːŋ
夅 *ɡruːŋ
跭 *ɡruːŋ
隆 *ɡ·ruːŋ
癃 *ɡ·ruːŋ
窿 *ɡ·ruːŋ
霳 *ɡ·ruːŋ

Etymology

STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kru:ŋ (“cage”). For more see 籠 (OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • lung4 - literary;
  • lung4-1 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 窿
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力中切
Baxter ljuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /liuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /luwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /liuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /lĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lung4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 窿
Reading # 1/1
No. 6288
Phonetic
component		 夅
Rime
group		 終
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 隆
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·ruːŋ/

Definitions

窿

  1. Used in 窟窿 (kūlong).
  2. (Cantonese) hole (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    alt. forms: 竉／𰩅 (lǒng)
    掘窿 [Cantonese]  ―  gwat6 lung4-1 [Jyutping]  ―  to dig a hole

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin Beijing 窟窿
Jinan 窟窿
Luoyang 窟窿
Wanrong 窟窿
Xi'an 窟窿子, 窟窿
Wuhan 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
Chengdu 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
Liuzhou 窿
Yangzhou 洞, 窟窿
Nanjing 窟窿
Hefei 窟窿, 洞
Singapore 洞
Cantonese Guangzhou 窿, 咕窿
Hong Kong 窿, 咕窿
Taishan 孔
Yangjiang 窿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 窿
Singapore (Guangfu) 窿
Gan Nanchang 洞
Hakka Meixian 窿仔, 窿空仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 空
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 空
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 空
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 空
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 空
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 空
Jin Taiyuan 窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min Jian'ou 川
Eastern Min Fuzhou 空空
Southern Min Xiamen 空, 空口
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空口
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 空
Taipei 空
Penang (Hokkien) 空
Singapore (Hokkien) 空
Manila (Hokkien) 空
Chaozhou 空
Jieyang 空, 洞
Haifeng 空
Singapore (Teochew) 空
Singapore (Hainanese) 空
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 窿
Wu Suzhou 洞
Wenzhou 洞, 窟, 窟窿
Jinhua 窟窿
Xiang Changsha 洞, 洞子
Shuangfeng 眼貢, 洞

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
窿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • On (unclassified): りゅう (ryū); りゅ (ryu)
  • Kun: ゆみなり (yuminari)

Korean

Hanja

窿 • (ryung>yung) (hangeul 륭>융, revised ryung>yung, McCune–Reischauer ryung>yung, Yale lyung>yung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

窿 (lung, lọn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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