窯

See also: 窑 and 窰

窯	U+7AAF, 窯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AAF

← 窮
[U+7AAE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

窰 →
[U+7AB0]

Translingual

Han character

窯 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金廿土火 (JCTGF), four-corner 3033₁, composition ⿱穴羔)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 867, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25594

Dae Jaweon: page 1296, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2739, character 4

Unihan data for U+7AAF

Chinese

trad.		窯/窑/窰
simp.		窑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (羔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
羔	*kluː
糕	*kluː
餻	*kluː
窯	*luː
溔	*luːʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): ieu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ièu

(Meixian, Guangdong): yau²
Jin (Wiktionary): iau¹
Eastern Min (BUC): ièu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iâu / iô

(Teochew, Peng'im): iê⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
  - Wade–Giles: yao²
  - Yale: yáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
  - Palladius: яо (jao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jiu⁴
  - Yale: yìuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jiu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yiu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ieu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ièu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ieuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ieu²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yau²
  - Sinological IPA: /iau¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: iau¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /iau¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ièu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâu
  - Tâi-lô: iâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iô
  - Tâi-lô: iô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /io¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /io²⁴/

Note:

iâu - literary;
iô - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iê⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ie⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yew

Rime
Character	窯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘昭切
Baxter	yew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/jæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaw/
Li Rong	/iɛu/
Wang Li	/jĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*luː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窯
Reading #	1/1
No.	3724
Phonetic component	羔
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	遙
Old Chinese	/*luː/

Definitions

窯

brick kiln; furnace
-ware (specifically, pottery manufactured in a particular place)
景德鎮窯／景德镇窑 ― Jǐngdézhèn yáo ― Jingdezhen ware
coal pit
cave dwelling (common in the Loess Plateau, Northern China); yaodong
(colloquial) brothel; whorehouse
a surname: Yao

Synonyms

(cave dwelling): 窯洞／窑洞 (yáodòng)
(brothel):

個中／个中 (gèzhōng) (secret language, obsolete)
勾欄／勾栏 (gōulán) (archaic)
半開門／半开门 (⁵poe-khe-men) (Wu, dated)
嚮導社／向导社 (⁵shian-dau-zo) (Wu, dated)
妓樓／妓楼 (jìlóu) (literary)
妓院 (jìyuàn)
妓館／妓馆 (jìguǎn) (literary)
娼寮 (chāngliáo) (dated)
娼樓／娼楼 (chānglóu) (literary)
娼門／娼门 (chāngmén)
書寓／书寓 (¹sy-gniu) (Wu, dated)
煙花間／烟花间 (¹i-ho-ke) (Wu, dated)
窯子／窑子 (yáozi) (colloquial)
花柳 (huāliǔ) (literary, figurative)
青樓／青楼 (qīnglóu) (literary)

Compounds

吉州窯／吉州窑
哥窯／哥窑
土窯／土窑
土窯子／土窑子
定窯／定窑
官窯／官窑
宣窯／宣窑
廣窯／广窑
建窯／建窑
成化窯／成化窑
成窯／成窑
易窯／易窑 (Yìyáo)
柴窯／柴窑
永樂窯／永乐窑
汝窯／汝窑 (Rǔyáo)
炭窯／炭窑 (tànyáo)
燒窯／烧窑
瓦窯／瓦窑 (wǎyáo)
瓷窯／瓷窑
石灰窯／石灰窑 (Shíhuīyáo)
磁州窯／磁州窑
磚窯／砖窑 (zhuānyáo)
窯坑／窑坑
窯姐兒／窑姐儿 (yáojiěr)
窯子／窑子 (yáozi)
窯工／窑工
窯戶／窑户
窯桶子／窑桶子
窯業／窑业 (yáoyè)
窯洞／窑洞 (yáodòng)
窯淮／窑淮 (Yáohuái)
窯灣／窑湾 (Yáowān)
窯變／窑变
窯黑兒／窑黑儿
紅山窯／红山窑 (Hóngshānyáo)
耀州窯／耀州窑
蜀窯／蜀窑
象窯／象窑
越窯／越窑
逛窯子／逛窑子
邢窯／邢窑
郊壇下窯／郊坛下窑
郎窯／郎窑
鈞州窯／钧州窑
鈞窯／钧窑
隆窯／隆窑
電窯／电窑
龍泉窯／龙泉窑

Japanese

Kanji

窯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

kiln

Readings

Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
Kun: かま (kama, 窯, Jōyō)

Compounds

窯業(ようぎょう) (yōgyō): ceramics industry
窯焼(かまや)き (kamayaki): firing in a kiln
石窯(いしがま) (ishigama)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
窯
かま Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 窯 – see the following entry.

【かま】	[noun] 窯: a kiln, an oven

(This term, 窯, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) meaning: kiwa kubnun kama

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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