砂岩

Chinese

		sand; gravel; granule	cliff; rock
simp. and trad. (砂岩)		砂	岩

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāyán

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹ ngaam⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shayán
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹-yen²
  - Yale: shā-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shayan
  - Palladius: шаянь (šajanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saa¹ ngaam⁴
  - Yale: sā ngàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ ngaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ ngam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ ŋaːm²¹/

Noun

砂岩

sandstone

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂	岩
さ Grade: 6	がん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 砂岩 (MC srae ngaem, “sandstone”, literally “sand + rock”). Uses the kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading saa¹ ngaam⁴.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さがん [sáꜜgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
(Tokyo) さがん [sàgáń] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [sa̠ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

砂(さ)岩(がん) • (sagan)

(petrology) sandstone
grit (such as for sanding, polishing, or traction)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂	岩
しゃ Grade: 6	がん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Appears to be a shift from sagan above. Less common. Uses the goon reading of sha for the 砂 character.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゃがん [sháꜜgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][3]
(Tokyo) しゃがん [shàgáń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

砂(しゃ)岩(がん) • (shagan)

(petrology, uncommon) sandstone

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN