無常

See also: 无常

Chinese

not have
 
always; ever; often
always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
trad. (無常)
simp. (无常)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (4) (25)
Final () (24) (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter mju dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨo/ /d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/mio/ /d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/mio/ /d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muə̆/ /d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/mio/ /ʑiaŋ/
Wang
Li
/mĭu/ /ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯u/ /ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cháng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mou4 soeng4

Adjective

無常

  1. changeable; variable; sporadic; irregular; inconsistent

Derived terms

Noun

無常

  1. (Chinese mythology) Wuchang, one or two deities in Chinese folk religion who seize the spirits of people to the Underworld
  2. (Buddhism) impermanence

Derived terms

  • 無常鬼无常鬼
  • 白無常白无常
  • 走無常走无常
  • 黑無常黑无常
  • 黑白無常黑白无常 (Hēibái Wúcháng)

Verb

無常

  1. (euphemistic) to die; to pass away

Synonyms

Derived terms

  • 一旦無常萬事休一旦无常万事休

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無常):
  • Japanese: 無常(むじょう) (mujō)
  • Korean: 무상(無常) (musang)
  • Vietnamese: vô thường (無常)

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
じょう
Grade: 5
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 無常 (MC mju dzyang), in turn a translation of Pali anicca or Sanskrit अनित्य (anitya).[1]

First cited in a Japanese text in the 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho) of 611, one of the three texts grouped together as the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho).[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

()(じょう) • (mujō) むじやう (muzyau)?-na (adnominal ()(じょう) (mujō na), adverbial ()(じょう) (mujō ni))

  1. [from 611] transient, impermanent, mutable

Inflection

Noun

()(じょう) • (mujō) むじやう (muzyau)?

  1. [from 611] transience, impermanence, mutability
  2. [from early 1200s] (figurative) death, the impermanence of one's life

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 無常”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

無常

  1. (Buddhism) chữ Hán form of vô thường (impermanence).
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