流石

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	rock; stone; 10 pecks
trad. (流石)		流	石
simp. ^#(流石)		流	石

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liúshí

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ sek⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liúshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lióushíh
  - Wade–Giles: liu²-shih²
  - Yale: lyóu-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioushyr
  - Palladius: люши (ljuši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ sek⁶
  - Yale: làuh sehk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ sek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ ség⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ sɛːk̚²/

Noun

流石

flowstone

Japanese

Kanji in this term
流	石
さすが
Grade: 3	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
遉 (rare) 有繋 (rare) 有繫 (rare)

Alternative forms

さすがに (sasugani)

Etymology

From さすがに (sasugani) with omission of the final に (ni).[1][2]

The term さすがに (sasugani) is a composition of

然(さ) (sa, “in this way, thus”, modern そう (sō))
爲(す) (su, “to do”, modern する (suru))
がに (ga ni, adverbial suffix, modern に (ni))

The literal meaning was "by doing something in this way, because of acting in this way".

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

The standalone term without the final に (ni) is first cited to the late 800s.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さすが [sàsúgá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [sa̠sɨᵝɡa̠]

Adjective

流石(さすが) • (sasuga) -na (adnominal 流石(さすが)な (sasuga na), adverbial 流石(さすが)に (sasuga ni))

as one would expect
1. Used to describe actions.
  流石(さすが)に無理(むり)
  sasuga ni muri
  (obviously) something one cannot do
  
  流石(さすが)に疲(つか)れてきた
  sasuga ni tsukaretekita
  (naturally) tired
2. Used to praise (or satirically criticize).
  流石(さすが)の腕前(うでまえ)を披露(ひろ)する
  sasuga no udemae o hiro suru
  to exhibit skill (of course)
  
  流石(さすが)です、会長(かいちょう)！
  Sasuga desu, kaichō!
  Brilliant as always, leader!

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Adverb

流石(さすが) • (sasuga)

even so, nevertheless, with that said
(chiefly with の) even, as ... as it is

Synonyms

(even so): そうは言(い)うものの (sō wa iu mono no)

References

“流石・遉・有繋”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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