気付く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
気 付
き
Grade: 1		 つ > づ
Grade: 4
kan’on kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
氣付く (kyūjitai)
気づく

Etymology

Compound of 気 (ki, “awareness”) +‎ 付く (tsuku, “to stick, to attach, to turn on”).[1][2][3][4] The tsuku reading for 付く changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きづ​く [kìzúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kʲizɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "気付く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 気付く きづ​く [kìzúꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 気付け きづ​け [kìzúꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 気付かれる きづかれ​る [kìzúkáréꜜrù]
Causative 気付かせる きづかせ​る [kìzúkáséꜜrù]
Potential 気付ける きづけ​る [kìzúkéꜜrù]
Volitional 気付こう きづこ​ー [kìzúkóꜜò]
Negative 気付かない きづか​ない [kìzúkáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 気付かなかった きづか​なかった [kìzúkáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 気付きます きづきま​す [kìzúkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 気付いた きづ​いた [kìzúꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 気付いて きづ​いて [kìzúꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 気付けば きづ​けば [kìzúꜜkèbà]

Verb

気(き)付(づ)く • (kizuku) intransitive godan (stem 気(き)付(づ)き (kizuki), past 気(き)付(づ)いた (kizuita))

  1. to become aware, to notice
    それについて気付(きづ)かなかった。
    Sore ni tsuite kizukanakatta.
    I was not aware of that. → I did not notice that.
    危険(きけん)に気付(きづ)く
    kiken ni kizuku
    to become aware of a danger → to notice a danger
  2. to be revived, to come back to one's senses
    気絶(きぜつ)していた人(ひと)が気付(きづ)いた。
    Kizetsu shiteita hito ga kizuita.
    The person who had passed out regained consciousness.

Usage notes

Although the English gloss to notice is transitive, note that 気付く (kizuku) is intransitive. The verb can take an indirect object, marked with the particle に (ni), as in the examples above.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "気付く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 気付か きづか kizuka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 気付き きづき kizuki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 気付く きづく kizuku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 気付く きづく kizuku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 気付け きづけ kizuke
Meireikei ("imperative") 気付け きづけ kizuke
Key constructions
Passive 気付かれる きづかれる kizukareru
Causative 気付かせる
気付かす		 きづかせる
きづかす		 kizukaseru
kizukasu
Potential 気付ける きづける kizukeru
Volitional 気付こう きづこう kizukō
Negative 気付かない きづかない kizukanai
Negative continuative 気付かず きづかず kizukazu
Formal 気付きます きづきます kizukimasu
Perfective 気付いた きづいた kizuita
Conjunctive 気付いて きづいて kizuite
Hypothetical conditional 気付けば きづけば kizukeba

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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