橄

橄	U+6A44, 橄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A44

← 橃
[U+6A43]

CJK Unified Ideographs

橅 →
[U+6A45]

Translingual

Han character

橄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木一十大 (DMJK) or 木弓十大 (DNJK), four-corner 4894₀, composition ⿰木敢)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15512

Dae Jaweon: page 941, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1285, character 3

Unihan data for U+6A44

Chinese

trad.		橄
simp. ^#		橄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³, gam², gam³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká / kám
Jin (Wiktionary): gan²
Eastern Min (BUC): gā / gāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kám / kaⁿ / kan / káⁿ / kán

(Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ke

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kan³
  - Yale: gǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaam³, gam², gam³
  - Yale: gaam, gám, gam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³, gam², gam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam³, gem², gem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/, /kɐm³⁵/, /kɐm³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / kám
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga` / gam`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga³ / gam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /kam³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gan²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gā / gāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/, /kaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
  - Tâi-lô: kám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen, Magong, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
  - IPA (Kinmen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Lukang, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
  - Tâi-lô: kan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kan³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
  - Tâi-lô: kán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karn
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/

Note:

kám - literary;
kaⁿ/kan/káⁿ/kán - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ke
  - MiniDict: ke^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kamX

Rime
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古覽切
Baxter	kamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam^X/
Li Rong	/kɑm^X/
Wang Li	/kɑm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*klaːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
No.	3675
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敢
Old Chinese	/*klaːmʔ/

Definitions

橄

Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.

Compounds

橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn)
黑橄欖／黑橄榄 (hēigǎnlǎn)

References

(Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

橄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: かん (kan)

Kan-on: かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

橄: Hán Nôm readings: cạm, cảm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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