枯燥

Chinese

		withered; dried up	dry; parched; impatient
trad. (枯燥)		枯	燥
simp. ^#(枯燥)		枯	燥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kūzào

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹ cou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khû-châu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-sò / kho͘-sò / koa-sò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kūzào
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuzào
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu¹-tsao⁴
  - Yale: kū-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kutzaw
  - Palladius: куцзао (kuczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu¹ cou³
  - Yale: fū chou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹ tsou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu¹ cou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khû-châu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku´ zau´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku¹ zau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau̯²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-sò
  - Tâi-lô: koo-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kosoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ so⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho͘-sò
  - Tâi-lô: khoo-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qosoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-sò
  - Tâi-lô: kua-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koasoix
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/

Adjective

枯燥

boring; dull; tedious
withered; dried up

Synonyms

(boring):

乏味 (fáwèi)
乾燥／干燥 (gānzào)
乾癟／干瘪 (gānbiě) (of writing)
俗 (Hokkien, Teochew)
單一／单一 (dānyī)
單調／单调 (dāndiào)
枯索 (kūsuǒ) (literary)
沒趣／没趣 (méiqù)
無俗／无俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無味／无味 (wúwèi)
無局／无局 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無想俗／无想俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
無聊／无聊 (wúliáo)
無藝／无艺 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無藝量／无艺量 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無趣／无趣 (wúqù)

(withered): 乾枯／干枯 (gānkū)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “boring”): 有趣 (yǒuqù), 有意思 (yǒuyìsi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枯燥):

→ Japanese: 枯燥(こそう) (kosō)

Others:

→ Vietnamese khô ráo

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