杈

See also: 𭩚

杈	U+6748, 杈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6748

← 杇
[U+6747]

CJK Unified Ideographs

杉 →
[U+6749]

Translingual

Han character

杈 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈 (DEI), four-corner 4794₀, composition ⿰木叉)

branch of a tree

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14451
Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 4
Unihan data for U+6748

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (叉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
叉	sʰraːl, sʰreːl
杈	sʰraːl, sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
靫	sʰraːl, sʰreːl
汊	*sʰraːls
衩	sʰraːls, sʰreːls
扠	*hr'eːl
釵	*sʰreːl
芆	*sʰreːl
訍	*sʰreːls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls) : semantic 木 + phonetic 叉 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		杈
2nd round simp.		叉

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chā (cha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹, caa³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chā
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cha
  - Wade–Giles: chʻa¹
  - Yale: chā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
  - Palladius: ча (ča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caa¹, caa³
  - Yale: chā, cha
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹, tsaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ca¹, ca³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
  - Tâi-lô: tsha
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
  - Tâi-lô: tshe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
  - Tâi-lô: tshee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

chha - literary;
chhe/chhee - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Baxter	tsrhae	tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰai^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caa¹	caai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

pitchfork

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chà, chā

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ, ㄔㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caa¹, caa³
Jin (Wiktionary): ca³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chà
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chà
  - Wade–Giles: chʻa⁴
  - Yale: chà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
  - Palladius: ча (ča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chā
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cha
  - Wade–Giles: chʻa¹
  - Yale: chā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
  - Palladius: ча (ča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caa¹, caa³
  - Yale: chā, cha
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa¹, tsaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ca¹, ca³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ca³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰa⁴⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
  - Tâi-lô: tsha
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
  - Tâi-lô: tshe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
  - Tâi-lô: tshee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

Note:

chha - literary;
chhe/chhee - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH

Rime
Character	杈	杈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初加切	楚懈切
Baxter	tsrhae	tsrheaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠa/	/t͡ʃʰˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰɛ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰa/	/t͡ʃʰai^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰa/	/ʈ͡ʂʰai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caa¹	caai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	杈	杈	杈
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1176	1179	1187
Phonetic component	叉	叉	叉
Rime group	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	叉		差
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːl/	/*sʰraːls/	/*sʰreːls/

Definitions

杈

fork of a tree

Compounds

丫杈 (yāchà)
杈丫
杈子 (chàzi)
杈枒／杈丫
杈桿兒／杈杆儿
杈椏／杈桠
枝杈 (zhīchā)
枒杈／丫杈
椏杈／桠杈 (yāchà)
樹杈／树杈 (shùchà)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 杈 – see 權 (“power; authority; right; entitlement; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 權).

References

“杈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01620
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02050-023

Japanese

Kanji

杈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

fork of a tree
pitchfork

Readings

On (unclassified): さ (sa); しゃ (sha); さい (sai)
Kun: えだ (eda)

Korean

Hanja

杈 (eum 차 (cha))

가지: branch

Vietnamese

Han character

杈: Hán Nôm readings: soa, xà, xoa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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