晦日

Chinese
dark; night; unlucky
 
day; sun; date
day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
simp. and trad.
(晦日)		 晦 日

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 荒内切 人質切
Baxter xwojH nyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huʌiH/ /ȵiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huoiH/ /ȵit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɒiH/ /ȵʑjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwəjH/ /ȵit̚/
Li
Rong		 /xuᴀiH/ /ȵiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /xuɒiH/ /ȵʑĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑ̆iH/ /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huì rì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fui3 jat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huì rì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwojH › ‹ nyit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁək-s/ /*C.nik/
English last day of a moon; dark sun; day

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9315 10845
Phonetic
component		 母 日
Rime
group		 之 質
Rime
subdivision		 0 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 日
Old
Chinese		 /*hmɯːs/ /*njiɡ/

Noun

晦日

  1. (literary) the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

Coordinate terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (晦日):
  • → Japanese: 晦日(かいじつ) (kaijitsu)
  • → Korean: 회일(晦日) (hoeil)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
晦 日
かい
Jinmeiyō		 じつ
Grade: 1
kan’on

/kʷai zitʉ/ → /kʷaiʑit͡su/ → /kaiʑit͡su/

From Middle Chinese 晦日 (MC xwojH nyit).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かいじつ [kàíjítsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠iʑit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

晦(かい)日(じつ) • (kaijitsu) ←くわいじつ (kwaizitu)?

  1. the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
晦 日
みそか
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry.
【みそか】
[noun] the last day of a month
[noun] the thirtieth day of a lunar month
[noun] thirty days
Alternative spelling
三十日
(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
晦 日
つごもり
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
Kanji in this term
晦 日
つもごり
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry.
【晦つごもり】J
[noun] (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
[noun] (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
【晦つもごり】J
[noun] (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
[noun] (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from kaijitsu above.

Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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