方略

Chinese

		square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just	plan; strategy; outline plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize
trad. (方略/方畧)		方	略/畧
simp. (方略)		方	略

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fānglüè

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤㄌㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹ loek⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-lio̍k / hong-lia̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fānglüè
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤㄌㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fanglyuè
  - Wade–Giles: fang¹-lüeh⁴
  - Yale: fāng-lywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fangliueh
  - Palladius: фанлюэ (fanljue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ⁵⁵ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong¹ loek⁶
  - Yale: fōng leuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ loek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ lêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ lœːk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hong-lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongliok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hong-lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongliak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liak̚¹²¹/

Middle Chinese: pjang ljak

Rime
Character	方	略
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	陽 (107)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府良切	離灼切
Baxter	pjang	ljak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐŋ/	/lɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐŋ/	/liɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɑŋ/	/liɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puaŋ/	/lɨak̚/
Li Rong	/piuaŋ/	/liak̚/
Wang Li	/pĭwaŋ/	/lĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/piwaŋ/	/li̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fāng	lüè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong¹	loek⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ [r]ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*paŋ ɡ·raɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	方	略
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fāng	lüè
Middle Chinese	‹ pjang ›	‹ ljak ›
Old Chinese	/*paŋ/	/*[r]ak/
English	method	draw a boundary; outline
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	方	略
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3023	3892
Phonetic component	方	各
Rime group	陽	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	方	略
Old Chinese	/*paŋ/	/*ɡ·raɡ/
Notes	甲金文象槳即榜初文，下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

方略

general plan

Synonyms

政策 (zhèngcè)
方針／方针 (fāngzhēn)
決策／决策 (juécè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (方略):

→ Japanese: 方(ほう)略(りゃく) (hōryaku)
→ Korean: 방략(方略) (bangnyak)

See also

策略 (cèlüè)

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