文明史

Chinese

		civilization; civilized behaviour; manners	history
simp. and trad. (文明史)		文明	史

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wénmíngshǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ ming⁴ si²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wénmíngshǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wúnmíngshǐh
  - Wade–Giles: wên²-ming²-shih³
  - Yale: wén-míng-shř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenmingshyy
  - Palladius: вэньминши (vɛnʹminši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: man⁴ ming⁴ si²
  - Yale: màhn mìhng sí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ ming⁴ si²
  - Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ ming⁴ xi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ siː³⁵/

Noun

文明史

history of civilization
中國文明史／中国文明史 ― Zhōngguó wénmíngshǐ ― history of Chinese civilization

人類文明史／人类文明史 ― rénlèi wénmíngshǐ ― history of human civilization
- 階級鬥爭，一些階級勝利了，一些階級消滅了。這就是歷史，這就是幾千年的文明史。 [MSC, trad.]
  阶级斗争，一些阶级胜利了，一些阶级消灭了。这就是历史，这就是几千年的文明史。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1949, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《丟掉幻想，準備鬥爭》 (Cast Away Illusions, Prepare for Struggle). English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
  Jiējí dòuzhēng, yīxiē jiējí shènglì le, yīxiē jiējí xiāomiè le. Zhè jiù shì lìshǐ, zhè jiù shì jǐ qiān nián de wénmíngshǐ. [Pinyin]
  Classes struggle, some classes triumph, others are eliminated. Such is history, such is the history of civilization for thousands of years.

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