放火
Chinese
to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out |
fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (放火) | 放 | 火 | |
| simp. #(放火) | 放 | 火 | |
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 放火 (“to set on fire; to commit arson”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 放火, 縱火 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 放火 |
| Yantai (Muping) | 放火 | |
| Wanrong | 放火 | |
| Singapore | 放火 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 放火 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 放火 |
| Lichuan | 放火 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 放火 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 放火 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 放火 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 放火 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 放火 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 放火 | |
Derived terms
- 一頭放火，一頭放水／一头放火，一头放水
- 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈／只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 (zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng)
- 州官放火 (zhōuguānfànghuǒ)
- 放火犯 (fànghuǒfàn)
- 殺人放火／杀人放火 (shārénfànghuǒ)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 火 |
| ほう Grade: 3 |
か Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi | |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese compound 放火 (MC pjangH xwaX, “let loose” + “fire”). Compare modern Chinese 放火 (fànghuǒ).
Derived terms
Verb
放火する • (hōka suru) ←はうくわ (faukwa)?intransitive suru (stem 放火し (hōka shi), past 放火した (hōka shita))
- to set fire to something
Conjugation
Conjugation of "放火する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放火し | ほうかし | hōka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放火し | ほうかし | hōka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放火する | ほうかする | hōka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放火する | ほうかする | hōka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放火すれ | ほうかすれ | hōka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放火せよ¹ 放火しろ² |
ほうかせよ¹ ほうかしろ² |
hōka seyo¹ hōka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 放火される | ほうかされる | hōka sareru | |
| Causative | 放火させる 放火さす |
ほうかさせる ほうかさす |
hōka saseru hōka sasu | |
| Potential | 放火できる | ほうかできる | hōka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 放火しよう | ほうかしよう | hōka shiyō | |
| Negative | 放火しない | ほうかしない | hōka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 放火せず | ほうかせず | hōka sezu | |
| Formal | 放火します | ほうかします | hōka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 放火した | ほうかした | hōka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 放火して | ほうかして | hōka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放火すれば | ほうかすれば | hōka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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