擦る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
摩る
磨る
擂る

From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る [súꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ [súꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる られ [sùráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる らせ [sùráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる [sùréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう [sùróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない ない [sùráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった なかった [sùráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります りま [sùrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った った [súꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って って [súꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば れば [súꜜrèbà]

Verb

() • (suru) transitive godan (stem () (suri), past ()った (sutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from 720] rub, scrub
  2. strike a match
  3. lose at gambling
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
かす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
掠る

Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, to rob) and かすか (kasuka, faint).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

(かす) • (kasuru) transitive godan (stem (かす) (kasuri), past (かす)った (kasutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
  2. to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort
Conjugation

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
こす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of (ko) + 擦る (suru, to rub).[1][4] The ko element might be (ko, powder, flour).[4]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [kòsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞sɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "擦る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
擦る [kòsúꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 擦れ [kòsúꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 擦られる すられ [kòsúráréꜜrù]
Causative 擦らせる すらせ [kòsúráséꜜrù]
Potential 擦れる すれ [kòsúréꜜrù]
Volitional 擦ろう すろ [kòsúróꜜò]
Negative 擦らない すらない [kòsúráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 擦らなかった すらなかった [kòsúráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 擦ります すりま [kòsúrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 擦った った [kòsúꜜttà]
Conjunctive 擦って って [kòsúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 擦れば れば [kòsúꜜrèbà]

Verb

(こす) • (kosuru) transitive godan (stem (こす) (kosuri), past (こす)った (kosutta))

Japanese verb pair
active 擦る
mediopassive 擦れる
  1. to rub
    ()こする
    me o kosuru
    to rub one's eyes
  2. to scrub, to scour
  3. to scrape, to scratch
Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana.

Conjugation

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
なす
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, to rub).

First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]

Pronunciation

Verb

(なす) • (nasuru) transitive godan (stem (なす) (nasuri), past (なす)った (nasutta))

  1. to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)
    Synonym: 塗る (nuru)
  2. to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)
Conjugation

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
なぞる
[verb] to trace (something already written or drawn); to copy
[verb] to trace (with the finger)
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
さす
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry.
さす
[verb] rub a part of the body to alleviate pain etc.
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History, Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 322
  5. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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