授ける

Japanese
Kanji in this term
授
さず
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Etymology

Derived via regular historical shifts from the classical lower bigrade (カ行下二段活用 (ka-gyō shimo nidan katsuyō)) verb 授(さづ)く (sazuku).[1][2][3][4]

A surface analysis would suggest that this ultimately derives as a compound of さ (sa, of uncertain meaning) +‎ 付ける (tsukeru, “to stick or attach something to something else; to put something somewhere”).

First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1][5]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "授ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 授ける さずけ​る [sàzúkéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 授けろ さずけ​ろ [sàzúkéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 授けられる さずけられ​る [sàzúkéráréꜜrù]
Causative 授けさせる さずけさせ​る [sàzúkésáséꜜrù]
Potential 授けられる さずけられ​る [sàzúkéráréꜜrù]
Volitional 授けよう さずけよ​ー [sàzúkéyóꜜò]
Negative 授けない さずけ​ない [sàzúkéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 授けなかった さずけ​なかった [sàzúkéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 授けます さずけま​す [sàzúkémáꜜsù]
Perfective 授けた さず​けた [sàzúꜜkètà]
Conjunctive 授けて さず​けて [sàzúꜜkètè]
Hypothetical conditional 授ければ さずけ​れば [sàzúkéꜜrèbà]

Verb

授(さず)ける • (sazukeru) ←さづける (sadukeru)?transitive ichidan (stem 授(さず)け (sazuke), past 授(さず)けた (sazuketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 授ける
mediopassive 授かる
  1. [from 720] to bestow, confer, endow with a thing, as a superior to an inferior
    Synonyms: 与える (ataeru), 渡す (watasu), 授与する (juyo suru)
  2. [from 900] to bestow, confer, endow with knowledge: to teach, to instruct
    Synonyms: 教える (oshieru), 伝授する (denju suru), 教授する (kyōju suru)
  3. [from early 1600s] to bestow, confer, endow, vest, award with a title, honor, power, or right
    Synonym: 与える (ataeru)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "授ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 授け さずけ sazuke
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 授け さずけ sazuke
Shūshikei ("terminal") 授ける さずける sazukeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 授ける さずける sazukeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 授けれ さずけれ sazukere
Meireikei ("imperative") 授けよ¹
授けろ²		 さずけよ¹
さずけろ²		 sazukeyo¹
sazukero²
Key constructions
Passive 授けられる さずけられる sazukerareru
Causative 授けさせる
授けさす		 さずけさせる
さずけさす		 sazukesaseru
sazukesasu
Potential 授けられる
授けれる³		 さずけられる
さずけれる³		 sazukerareru
sazukereru³
Volitional 授けよう さずけよう sazukeyō
Negative 授けない
授けぬ
授けん		 さずけない
さずけぬ
さずけん		 sazukenai
sazukenu
sazuken
Negative continuative 授けず さずけず sazukezu
Formal 授けます さずけます sazukemasu
Perfective 授けた さずけた sazuketa
Conjunctive 授けて さずけて sazukete
Hypothetical conditional 授ければ さずければ sazukereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. “授”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. “授ける”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4465:
    , spelled in the continuative as 佐豆氣 ⟨saduke₂⟩, available online here
  6. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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