挿げる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
挿
す
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
插げる (kyūjitai)
箝げる

Etymology

Regular shift from classical form 挿ぐ (sugu).[1][2][3][4]

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

First cited to a text from 850.[2]

Probably cognate with verb 過ぎる (sugiru, “to pass by; to exceed, to surpass”, classical form sugu), adverb 直ぐ (sugu, “straight through”).

Pronunciation

Verb

挿(す)げる • (sugeru) transitive ichidan (stem 挿(す)げ (suge), past 挿(す)げた (sugeta))

  1. [from 850] to open a hole in something and pass through a string or cord as a fastening
  2. [from 1221] to insert or fit something into something else, such as a mortise and tenon joint

Conjugation
Conjugation of "挿げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 挿げ すげ suge
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 挿げ すげ suge
Shūshikei ("terminal") 挿げる すげる sugeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 挿げる すげる sugeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 挿げれ すげれ sugere
Meireikei ("imperative") 挿げよ¹
挿げろ²		 すげよ¹
すげろ²		 sugeyo¹
sugero²
Key constructions
Passive 挿げられる すげられる sugerareru
Causative 挿げさせる
挿げさす		 すげさせる
すげさす		 sugesaseru
sugesasu
Potential 挿げられる
挿げれる³		 すげられる
すげれる³		 sugerareru
sugereru³
Volitional 挿げよう すげよう sugeyō
Negative 挿げない
挿げぬ
挿げん		 すげない
すげぬ
すげん		 sugenai
sugenu
sugen
Negative continuative 挿げず すげず sugezu
Formal 挿げます すげます sugemasu
Perfective 挿げた すげた sugeta
Conjunctive 挿げて すげて sugete
Hypothetical conditional 挿げれば すげれば sugereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms
  • 挿(す)げ替(か)える (sugekaeru)

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. “挿・箝”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. “挿げる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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