戾天

Chinese

		to reach	sky
trad. (戾天)		戾	天
simp. ^#(戾天)		戾	天

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìtiān

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìtiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìtian
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴-tʻien¹
  - Yale: lì-tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihtian
  - Palladius: литянь (litjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: lejH|let then

Rime
Character	戾	戾	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	先 (87)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	郎計切	練結切	他前切
Baxter	lejH	let	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei^H/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/lei^H/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi^H/	/lɛt̚/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj^H/	/lɛt̚/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/lei^H/	/let̚/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/liei^H/	/liet̚/	/tʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei^H/	/liet̚/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì	liè	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁶	lit⁶	tin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤe[t]-s l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯːds|rɯːd qʰl'iːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戾	天	天
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	tiān	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ lej^H ›	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁe[t]-s/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)
English	transgress	heaven	heaven
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戾	戾	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	7942	7950	12387
Phonetic component	戾	戾	天
Rime group	隊	物	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	麗	𥸸	天
Old Chinese	/*rɯːds/	/*rɯːd/	/*qʰl'iːn/

Verb

戾天

(Classical Chinese) to reach the sky
- 宛彼鳴鳩，翰飛戾天。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  宛彼鸣鸠，翰飞戾天。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wǎn bǐ míngjiū, hànfēi lìtiān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

翰飛戾天／翰飞戾天
鳶飛戾天／鸢飞戾天

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