懷柔

See also: 怀柔

Chinese

		to think of; to cherish; mind to think of; to cherish; mind; heart; bosom	soft
trad. (懷柔)		懷	柔
simp. (怀柔)		怀	柔

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huáiróu

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄖㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waai⁴ jau⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoâi-liû / hoâi-jiû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huáiróu
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄖㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huáiróu
  - Wade–Giles: huai²-jou²
  - Yale: hwái-róu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwairou
  - Palladius: хуайжоу (xuajžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: waai⁴ jau⁴
  - Yale: wàaih yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waai⁴ jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wai⁴ yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːi̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâi-liû
  - Tâi-lô: huâi-liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoailiuu
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /huai²⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâi-jiû
  - Tâi-lô: huâi-jiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoaijiuu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huai¹³⁻²² d͡ʑiu¹³/

Middle Chinese: hweaj nyuw

Rime
Character	懷	柔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	皆 (34)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	戸乖切	耳由切
Baxter	hweaj	nyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuɛi/	/ȵɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚæi/	/ȵiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐi/	/ȵʑiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəɨj/	/ȵuw/
Li Rong	/ɣuɛi/	/ȵiu/
Wang Li	/ɣwɐi/	/ȵʑĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwăi/	/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huái	róu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waai⁴	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤruj nu/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːl mlju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懷	柔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huái	róu
Middle Chinese	‹ hwɛj ›	‹ nyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁruj/	/*nu/
English	bosom; embrace	soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懷	柔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5341	8825
Phonetic component	褱	矛
Rime group	微	幽
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	懷	柔
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːl/	/*mlju/

Verb

懷柔

(literary, of feudal rulers) to make a show of conciliation in order to bring other nationalities or states under control

Proper noun

懷柔

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huairou (a district and former county of Beijing, China)

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