懵懂

Chinese

	stupid	to understand; to know
trad. (懵懂)	懵	懂
simp. ^#(懵懂)	懵	懂
alternative forms	蒙董蒙懂懞懂瞢懂懵董蒙董蒙懂懞懂瞢懂懵董懜懂𧀧𧄼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): měngdǒng, méngdǒng, mēngdǒng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ, ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˇ, ㄇㄥㄉㄨㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mung² dung², mung⁵ dung²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): múng-túng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bóng-tóng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: měngdǒng [Phonetic: méngdǒng]
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: měngdǒng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng³-tung³
  - Yale: měng-dǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meengdoong
  - Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: méngdǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: méngdǒng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng²-tung³
  - Yale: méng-dǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mengdoong
  - Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mēngdǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥㄉㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mengdǒng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng¹-tung³
  - Yale: mēng-dǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhengdoong
  - Palladius: мэндун (mɛndun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mung² dung², mung⁵ dung²
  - Yale: múng dúng, múhng dúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mung² dung², mung⁵ dung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: mung² dung², mung⁵ dung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ³⁵ tʊŋ³⁵/, /mʊŋ¹³ tʊŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: múng-túng
  - Hakka Romanization System: mung` dung`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mung³ dung³
  - Sinological IPA: /muŋ³¹ tuŋ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bóng-tóng
  - Tâi-lô: bóng-tóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bofngdorng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: muwngX tuwngX

Rime
Character	懵	懂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫孔切	多動切
Baxter	muwngX	tuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwŋ^X/	/təwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Wang Li	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/muŋ^X/	/tuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	měng	dǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mung⁵	dung²

Adjective

懵懂

muddled; confused; ignorant

Synonyms

(confused): 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng), 迷糊 (míhu), 迷濛／迷蒙 (míméng), 智惛 (zhìhūn)，糊塗／糊涂 (hútu)

Derived terms

懵懂痴呆
懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
懵裡懵懂／懵里懵懂
痴呆懵懂
聰明一世，懵懂一時／聪明一世，懵懂一时 (cōngmíng yīshì, měngdǒng yīshí)
聰明一世，懵懂片時／聪明一世，懵懂片时

Descendants

⇒ Early Modern Korean: 흐리믕등 (hulimungtung) (via Ming-Qing Mandarin)
- Korean: 흐리멍덩 (heurimeongdeong)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.