悠然

Chinese
at ease; long (in time); sad
 
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (悠然) 悠 然
simp. #(悠然) 悠 然

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 悠 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 以周切 如延切
Baxter yuw nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨu/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiu/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəu/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juw/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong		 /iu/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəu/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯u/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau4 jin4

Adjective

悠然

  1. leisurely and carefree; comfortable and content
  2. distant; far back; long ago
  3. vast; extensive

Derived terms
  • 悠然神往
  • 悠然自得 (yōuránzìdé)
  • 悠然自適／悠然自适

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (悠然):
  • → Japanese: 悠然(ゆうぜん) (yūzen)
  • → Korean: 유연(悠然) (yuyeon)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
悠 然
ゆう
Grade: S		 ぜん
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ゆうぜん [yùúzéń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ᵝːzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

悠(ゆう)然(ぜん) • (yūzen) †-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)とした (yūzen to shita) or 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)たる (yūzen taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)と (yūzen to) or 悠(ゆう)然(ぜん)として (yūzen to shite))

  1. calm, with composure
    Synonym: 余裕綽々
    悠然(ゆうぜん)たる態度(たいど)
    yūzen taru taido
    a calm attitude

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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