形而下

Chinese
 
to appear; to look; form
to appear; to look; form; shape
 
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
 
under; next; lower
under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
simp. and trad.
(形而下)		 形 而 下

Pronunciation

Noun

形而下

  1. (philosophy) physical or material things

Antonyms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
形 而 下
けい
Grade: 2		 じ
Jinmeiyō		 か
Grade: 1
kan’on

Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English concrete, based on the phrase 形而下者、謂之器 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

形(けい)而(じ)下(か) • (keijika) 

  1. (philosophy) physical, material
    Antonym: 形而上 (keijijō)

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. “形而下”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy]‎, University of Tokyo, page 1
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
形而下

Noun

形而下 • (hyeong'iha) (hangeul 형이하)

  1. Hanja form? of 형이하.
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