左馮翊

Chinese
left Feng (Chinese surname) assist; ready to fly; respect
trad. (左馮翊) 左 馮 翊
simp. (左冯翊) 左 冯 翊

Etymology

First created in the Han era [104 BCE], the name was probably coined. According to a commentary to the Book of Han by Zhang Yan (張晏, c. 3rd century?) as collected by Yan Shigu (581–645) much later, both 馮 (OC *brɯŋ) and 翊 (OC *lɯɡ) might be glossed as "to assist" (i.e., to assist the imperial capital).

In addition, the phrase "馮馮翊翊" appeared in the Han Shi Wai Zhuan (《韓詩外傳》) as hapax legomenon and was interpreted by James Robert Hightower as "vast and soaring",[1] likely as ideophone. Together with the 右扶風 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ ba plum, “strong gale on the right”), they would form the left and right wings of the imperial district.

The 左 component refers to the geographical position relative to the imperial city of Chang'an: As the Son of Heaven faces the south, the Pingyi lies on the left-hand side.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 左 馮 馮 翊
Reading # 1/2 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 並 (3) 並 (3) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 歌 (94) 東 (2) 蒸 (133) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I III III III
Fanqie 臧可切 房戎切 扶冰切 與職切
Baxter tsaX bjuwng bing yik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sɑX/ /bɨuŋ/ /bɨŋ/ /jɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sɑX/ /biuŋ/ /bɨŋ/ /jɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɑX/ /biuŋ/ /bieŋ/ /iek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡saX/ /buwŋ/ /biŋ/ /jik̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sɑX/ /biuŋ/ /biəŋ/ /iək̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sɑX/ /bĭuŋ/ /bĭəŋ/ /jĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sɑX/ /bʱi̯uŋ/ /bʱi̯əŋ/ /i̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zuǒ féng píng yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zo2 fung4 ping4 jik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 左 馮 馮 翊
Reading # 1/3 1/3 2/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zuǒ píng píng yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsaX › ‹ bing › ‹ bing › ‹ yik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tsˁa[j]ʔ/ /*[b]rəŋ/ /*[b]rəŋ/ /*ɢʷrəp/ (dialect: *-p > *-k)
English left (side) full, solid lean on next day

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 左 馮 翊
Reading # 1/2 1/2 1/1
No. 18004 858 15995
Phonetic
component		 左 仌 昱
Rime
group		 歌 蒸 職
Rime
subdivision		 1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 左 凭 弋
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsaːlʔ/ /*brɯŋ/ /*lɯɡ/

Proper noun

左馮翊

  1. (historical) Zuo Pingyi (historical administrative and geographic division in the northeastern vicinity of Chang'an)

Hypernyms

References
  1. Hightower, James Robert (1952) chapter V, in Han Shih Wai Chuan: Han Ying's Illustrations of the Didactic Application of the Classic of Songs, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, V.1
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.