山寨

Chinese

	mountain; hill	stronghold; stockade
trad. (山寨)	山	寨
simp. ^#(山寨)	山	寨
alternative forms	山砦／山寨

Etymology

The use of "Shanzhai" to refer to imitation products comes from Cantonese slang, in which "shanzhai factory" (山寨廠／山寨厂) means an ill-equipped, low-end and family-based factory.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shānzhài

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ zaai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-chai
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-chē / soaⁿ-chēe

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ zê⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shānzhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄓㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shanjhài
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹-chai⁴
  - Yale: shān-jài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanjay
  - Palladius: шаньчжай (šanʹčžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ zaai⁶
  - Yale: sāan jaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dzaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ zai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ t͡saːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-chai
  - Hakka Romanization System: san´ zai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ zai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chē
  - Tâi-lô: suann-tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoaze
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ t͡se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chēe
  - Tâi-lô: suann-tsēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ zê⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tsē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ t͡se¹¹/

Noun

山寨

mountain stronghold
mountain camp
mountain fortress
fortified mountain village
(slang) shanzhai; fake or pirated good, especially an electronic one; knockoff

Synonyms

(fake or pirated good): 冒牌貨／冒牌货 (màopáihuò), A貨／A货 (ēi-huò)

Derived terms

山寨主義／山寨主义
山寨機／山寨机 (shānzhàijī)

Descendants

→ English: shanzhai
→ Japanese: 山塞(さんさい) (sansai)

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