官僚制

Chinese

		bureaucratic; bureaucrat; apparatchik	system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate
simp. and trad. (官僚制)		官僚	制

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānliáozhì

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ liu⁴ zai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ-liâu-chè

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáozhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáojhìh
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-liao²-chih⁴
  - Yale: gwān-lyáu-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliaujyh
  - Palladius: гуаньляочжи (guanʹljaočži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹ liu⁴ zai³
  - Yale: gūn lìuh jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ liu⁴ dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ liu⁴ zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-liâu-chè
  - Tâi-lô: kuann-liâu-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaliauzex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ liau²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

Noun

官僚制

bureaucracy

Related terms

官制 (guānzhì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
官	僚	制
かん Grade: 4	りょう Grade: S	せい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

From 官僚 (kanryō, “bureaucrat”) +‎ 制 (-sei, “system”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんりょーせー [kàńryóóséé] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [kã̠nɾʲo̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

官(かん)僚(りょう)制(せい) • (kanryōsei) ^{←くわんれうせい (kwanreusei)^?}

bureaucracy

Korean

Hanja in this term
官	僚	制

Noun

官僚制 • (gwallyoje or McCune-Reischauer: kwallyoje or Yale: kwanlyocey) (hangeul 관료제)

Hanja form^? of 관료제 (“bureaucracy”).

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