孜孜

Chinese

		hard-working; industrious	hard-working; industrious
simp. and trad. (孜孜)		孜	孜
alternative forms		孳孳咨咨 “focused” 滋滋 suffix

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zīzī

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄗ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ zi¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chu-chu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zīzī
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zihzih
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹-tzŭ¹
  - Yale: dz̄-dz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzytzy
  - Palladius: цзыцзы (czyczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹ zi¹
  - Yale: jī jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsu-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuzw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su³³ t͡su³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsi tsi

Rime
Character	孜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子之切
Baxter	tsi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡siə/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯ ʔslɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孜
Reading #	1/1
No.	17854
Phonetic component	子
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	兹
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯ/

Adjective

孜孜 (literary, ideophonic)

diligent; hardworking; industrious; assiduous
- 予何言？予思日孜孜。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yú hé yán? Yú sī rì zīzī. [Pinyin]
  What can I say? I think of maintaining a daily assiduity.
absorbed; focused; with rapt attention
earnest; eager; persistent
incessant; ceaseless; non-stop
harmonious and happy; beautiful; gentle
alone; by oneself
used as an augmentative or expressive suffix to form ideophonic adjectives.

Derived terms

喜孜孜 (xǐzīzī)
孜孜不倦 (zīzībùjuàn)
孜孜不已
孜孜不怠
孜孜不懈
孜孜不輟／孜孜不辍
孜孜以求
孜孜汲汲
孜孜無怠／孜孜无怠
孜孜矻矻 (zīzīkūkū)
念孜孜
意孜孜
樂孜孜／乐孜孜
美孜孜
苦孜孜

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