太息

Chinese

		too (much); very; extremely too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest	rest; news; interest rest; news; interest; breath
simp. and trad. (太息)		太	息

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tàixī, tàixí

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧ, ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tàixī
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tàisi
  - Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴-hsi¹
  - Yale: tài-syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayshi
  - Palladius: тайси (tajsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tàixí
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tàisí
  - Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴-hsi²
  - Yale: tài-syí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayshyi
  - Palladius: тайси (tajsi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: thajH sik

Rime
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他蓋切	相即切
Baxter	thajH	sik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑi^H/	/sɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑi^H/	/sɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑi^H/	/siek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaj^H/	/sik̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑi^H/	/siək̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑi^H/	/sĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑi^H/	/si̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai³	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤa[t]-s sək/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːds slɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tài	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ thaj^H ›	‹ sik ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/	/*sək/
English	great	breathe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1937	13332
Phonetic component	大	息
Rime group	祭	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	泰	息
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːds/	/*slɯɡ/
Notes		說文自亦聲

Verb

太息

(literary) to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh
- 陳涉太息曰：「嗟乎，燕雀安知鴻鵠之志哉！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  陈涉太息曰：「嗟乎，燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Chén Shè tàixī yuē: “Jiēhū, yànquè ān zhī hónghúzhīzhì zāi!” [Pinyin]
  Chen She sighed, and said, "Alas, how can a little songbird understand the ambitions of a grand swan!"

Synonyms

吐氣／吐气 (Hokkien)
咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
喘氣／喘气 (Hokkien, Teochew)
嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
嘆息／叹息 (tànxī)
嘆氣／叹气 (tànqì)
打咳聲／打咳声 (Harbin)

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