堅苦

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (堅苦)		堅	苦
simp. (坚苦)		坚	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiankǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-kʻu³
  - Yale: jyān-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiankuu
  - Palladius: цзяньку (czjanʹku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹ fu²
  - Yale: gīn fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

Adjective

堅苦

hardworking and persevering

Synonyms

亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
刻苦 (kèkǔ)
力落 (Teochew)
努力 (nǔlì)
勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
用功 (yònggōng)
發狠／发狠 (fa³ hen⁶) (Xiang)
耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)
骨力 (Hokkien, Puxian Min)

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