| surname; province of Jiangsu | to exceed; to climb over; to surpass to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (吳越) | 吳 | 越 | |
| simp. (吴越) | 吴 | 越 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 吳 | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 元 (68) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 五乎切 | 王伐切 |
| Baxter | ngu | hjwot |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋuo/ | /ɦʉɐt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋuo/ | /ɦʷiɐt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋo/ | /ɣiuɐt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋɔ/ | /ɦuat̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋo/ | /ɣiuɐt̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋu/ | /ɣĭwɐt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋuo/ | /i̯wɐt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wú | yuè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
ng4 | jyut6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 吳 | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wú | yuè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngu › | ‹ hjwot › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋʷˁa/ | /*[ɢ]ʷat/ |
| English | shout; name of a state | pass over |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 吳 | 越 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13094 | 16333 |
| Phonetic component |
吳 | 戉 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
吾 | 越 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋʷaː/ | /*ɢʷad/ |
| Notes | 金文象對人口出大聲， 令其震驚而側首避讓， 馮時說 |
|
吳越