古朝鮮

See also: 古朝鲜

Chinese

		ancient; old	Joseon
trad. (古朝鮮)		古	朝鮮
simp. (古朝鲜)		古	朝鲜

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 고조선 (古朝鮮, Gojoseon), popularized in the twentieth century with 고 (古, go, “old”) to distinguish from the later 조선 (朝鮮, Joseon) period of Korean history from 1392 to 1910. The country was originally simply named 朝鮮／朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn).

In the thirteenth-century Samguk yusa where the word first appears, the term refers specifically to the mythical period of Gojoseon history founded by Dangun as opposed to the historical period of Wiman, but this usage is not widespread today.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Gǔcháoxiǎn, Gǔcháoxiān, Gǔzhāoxiān

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ, ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu² ciu⁴ sin¹, gu² ziu¹ sin¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Kó͘-tiâu-sián

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gǔcháoxiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gǔcháosiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: Ku³-chʻao²-hsien³
  - Yale: Gǔ-cháu-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuchaurshean
  - Palladius: Гучаосянь (Gučaosjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gǔcháoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gǔcháosian
  - Wade–Giles: Ku³-chʻao²-hsien¹
  - Yale: Gǔ-cháu-syān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guuchaurshian
  - Palladius: Гучаосянь (Gučaosjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, etymologically correct variant, obsolete and literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gǔzhāoxiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄓㄠㄒㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gǔjhaosian
  - Wade–Giles: Ku³-chao¹-hsien¹
  - Yale: Gǔ-jāu-syān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Guujaushian
  - Palladius: Гучжаосянь (Gučžaosjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu² ciu⁴ sin¹, gu² ziu¹ sin¹
  - Yale: gú chìuh sīn, gú jīu sīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² tsiu⁴ sin¹, gu² dziu¹ sin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² qiu⁴ xin¹, gu² jiu¹ xin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/, /kuː³⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kó͘-tiâu-sián
  - Tâi-lô: Kóo-tiâu-sián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofdiausiern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiau²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiau²⁴⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiau¹³⁻²² ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiau²³⁻³³ ɕiɛn⁴¹/

Proper noun

古朝鮮

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古	朝	鮮
こ Grade: 2	ちょう Grade: 2	せん Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

古(こ)朝(ちょう)鮮(せん) • (Kochōsen)

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)

Korean

Hanja in this term
古	朝	鮮

Proper noun

古朝鮮 • (Gojoseon) (hangeul 고조선)

Hanja form^? of 고조선 (“(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
古	朝	鮮

Proper noun

古朝鮮

chữ Hán form of Cổ Triều Tiên (“(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)”).

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