南蠻

See also: 南蛮

Chinese

		south	barbarian; bullying; very barbarian; bullying; very; quite; rough; reckless
trad. (南蠻)		南	蠻
simp. (南蛮)		南	蛮

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Nánmán

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam⁴ maan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nam¹ man^3*
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-bân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nánmán
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nánmán
  - Wade–Giles: Nan²-man²
  - Yale: Nán-mán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanman
  - Palladius: Наньмань (Nanʹmanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ män³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ maan⁴
  - Yale: nàahm màahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ maan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ man⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ maːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nam¹ man^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam³³ ᵐban²²⁻²²⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-bân
  - Tâi-lô: Lâm-bân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lambaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² ban²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² ban²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² ban¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ ban²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ ban²³/

Middle Chinese: nom maen

Rime
Character	南	蠻
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	那含切	莫還切
Baxter	nom	maen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/mˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/mᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/mɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/maɨn/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/man/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/man/
Bernard Karlgren	/năm/	/man/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	mán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam⁴	maan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m mˤro[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːm mroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	南	蠻
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nán	mán
Middle Chinese	‹ nom ›	‹ maen ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[ə]m/	/*mˁro[n]/
English	south	southern foreigner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	南	蠻
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9355	8610
Phonetic component	南	
Rime group	侵	元
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	南	蠻
Old Chinese	/*nuːm/	/*mroːn/
Notes		金文作

Proper noun

南蠻

(derogatory, chiefly historical) the "Southern Barbarians", a catch-all term for the Yue and other peoples living south of the Chinese cultural sphere (chiefly) in Antiquity

Synonyms

蠻／蛮 (mán); 象 (xiàng)
(chiefly medieval): 蠻子／蛮子 (mánzi)

Hypernyms

夷 (yí), 四夷 (sìyí)

Hyponyms

荊蠻／荆蛮 (Jīngmán)

Coordinate terms

東夷／东夷 (Dōngyí), 北狄 (Běidí), 西戎 (Xīróng)

Derived terms

南蠻鴃舌／南蛮𫛞舌 (nánmánjuéshé)

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