出づ

⟨idu⟩ → /id͡zu/ → /izu//idu//id͡zu/

From Old Japanese.[1][2][3]

The further shift of dzu to zu is attested for most modern Japanese dialects; see Yotsugana on Wikipedia.

• (Tokyo) い​づ [íꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][4]
• IPA^(key): [izɨᵝ]

出づ(いず) • (izu) ^{←いづ (idu)?}transitive or intransitive ^†nidan

1. (archaic, intransitive) to come out, go out
2. (archaic, intransitive) to leave, depart
3. (archaic, intransitive) to show up
4. (archaic, intransitive) to become apparent
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 17, poem 877)

     遅(おそ)くいづる月(つき)にもあるかなあしひきの山(やま)のあなたも惜(を)しむべらなり

     osoku izuru tsuki ni mo aru kana ashihiki no yama no anata mo oshimuberanari

     How slow to emerge the shining moon seems tonight! They, too, must feel loath to part from it―those others beyong the foot-wearying hills.[5]

5. (archaic, transitive) to produce, pull out
6. (archaic, transitive) to make apparent
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 2, poem 104)

     花(はな)見(み)れば心(こころ)さへにぞうつりける色(いろ)にはいでじ人(ひと)もこそ知(し)れ

     hana mireba kokoro sae ni zo utsurikeru iro ni ideji hito mo koso shire

     When I gaze on fading blossoms this heart, too, would fade with them: may my feelings not be seen lest others come to know.[6]

This is the ancient form, also used somewhat in Classical Japanese. The modern equivalents are 出る (deru, intransitive) and 出す (dasu, transitive).

Although the conjugation pattern is consistently described in references[1][2][3] as 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”), the existence of causative / transitive form 出だす (idasu) and compound forms such as 泉 (izumi, “spring, water source”, literally “come out + water”) and 出石 (Izushi, a place in Hyogo Prefecture, literally “come out + stone”) suggest an earlier 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) pattern.

• 色(いろ)に出(い)づ (iro ni izu)
• 好(こう)事(じ)門(もん)を出(い)でず (Kōjimon o idezu)
• 乃(だい)公(こう)出(い)でずんば (daikō idezunba)

• 青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)
• 氷(こおり)は水(みず)より出(い)でて水(みず)よりも寒(さむ)し (kōri wa mizu yori idete mizu yori mo samushi)
• 知(ち)恵(え)出(い)でて大(だい)偽(ぎ)あり (chie idete daigi ari)

出づ(いず) • (-izu) ^{←いづ (idu)?}

1. (archaic, suffixed to the stem or continuative form of a verb) to appear to be doing (something)

From Proto-Japonic *intu.

出づ (idu) (kana いづ)

1. (intransitive) to come out, go out
   • 711–712, Kojiki, upper volume (Ōkuninushi no mikoto; poem 3):

     ...阿遠夜麻邇比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...

     ...awoyama ni pi₁ ga kakuraba nubatama no₂ yo₁ pa idenamu...

     When the sun hides in the green mountain, the pitch-black night is about to fall.

   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Sujin (eighth year of reign [89 BCE] in winter, first to twentieth day of the twelfth month; poem 16):

     宇磨佐開瀰和能等能能阿佐妬珥毛伊弟低由介那瀰和能等能渡塢

     umasake₂ Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂ no₂ asato₁ ni mo idete yukana Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂to₁ wo

     Morning dawns at Miwa, famous for delicious sake: let us open the shrine portals and go out into the day, opening the shrine portals of Miwa.[1]

2. (intransitive) to leave, depart
3. (intransitive) to show up
4. (intransitive) to become apparent
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3368:

     阿之我利能刀比能可布知爾伊豆流湯能余爾母多欲良爾故呂河伊波奈久爾

     Asigari no₂ To₁pi₁-no₂-kaputi ni iduru yu no₂ yo₂ ni mo tayo₁rani ko₁ro₂ ga ipanaku ni

     Like Ashigari’s riverside Tohi where the hot spring is able to be seen, never in this time she says anything bad [to me].

5. (transitive) to produce, pull out, to make apparent
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2432:

     言出云忌忌山川之當都心塞耐在

     ko₂to₂ ni idete ipaba yuyusimi₁ yamagapa no₂ tagi₁tu ko₂ko₂ro₂ wo sekiape₂te ari

     If I said out loud what moves my heart like the swift current of a mountain river, I would break a taboo.[2]

• 言に出づ (ko₂to₂ ni idu)
• 秀づ (*pidu)

• Japanese: 出づ (izu)
  • 出だす (idasu) → 出す (dasu)
  • 出る (deru)

出づ (-idu) (kana いづ)

1. (suffixed to the stem or continuative form of a verb) to make something apparent through the action of the preceding verb

   言ひいづ、取りいづ

   ipi₁idu, to₂riidu

   to say/speak out, to take out

• 打ち出づ (utiidu)
• 漕ぎ出づ (ko₂gi₁idu)