| to steal; to pilfer | music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (偷樂) | 偷 | 樂 | |
| simp. (偷乐) | 偷 | 乐 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 偷 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 唐 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 託侯切 | 盧各切 |
| Baxter | thuw | lak |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰəw/ | /lak̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰə̯u/ | /lɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tōu | luò |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
tau1 | lok6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 偷 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tōu | lè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ thuw › | ‹ lak › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ˁo/ | /*[r]ˁawk/ |
| English | steal | joy; enjoy |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 偷 | 樂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| No. | 15831 | 7673 |
| Phonetic component |
俞 | 樂 |
| Rime group |
侯 | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
偷 | 落 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ʰoː/ | /*raːwɢ/ |