俠士

See also: 侠士

Chinese

		knight-errant; chivalrous; heroic	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (俠士)		俠	士
simp. (侠士)		侠	士

Etymology

Attested earliest in Book of Jin:

當世俠士莫不歸之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
当世侠士莫不归之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
Dāngshì xiáshì mòbù guī zhī. [Pinyin]
Knights-errant of the time, there was none who did not submit to him.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiáshì

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hap⁶ si⁶, haap⁶ si⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiáshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siáshìh
  - Wade–Giles: hsia²-shih⁴
  - Yale: syá-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyashyh
  - Palladius: сяши (sjaši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hap⁶ si⁶, haap⁶ si⁶
  - Yale: hahp sih, haahp sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁹ si⁶, haap⁹ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: heb⁶ xi⁶, hab⁶ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚² siː²²/, /haːp̚² siː²²/

Middle Chinese: hep dzriX

Rime
Character	俠	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	添 (158)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	胡頰切	鉏里切
Baxter	hep	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦep̚/	/d͡ʒɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦep̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛp̚/	/d͡ʒie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛp̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣep̚/	/d͡ʒiə^X/
Wang Li	/ɣiep̚/	/d͡ʒĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiep̚/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶	zi⁶

Noun

俠士

knight-errant

Synonyms

豪俠／豪侠 (háoxiá)
劍俠／剑侠 (jiànxiá)
武俠／武侠 (wǔxiá)
俠客／侠客 (xiákè)
游俠／游侠 (yóuxiá)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (俠士):

→ Vietnamese: hiệp sĩ (俠士)

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