例外

Chinese

		example; precedent; rule example; precedent; rule; case; instance	outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external
trad. (例外)		例	外
simp. ^#(例外)		例	外

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 例(れい)外(がい) (reigai),[1] first attested in the 17th volume of 《日本國志》 by Huang Zunxian in 1890.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìwài

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶ ngoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li-ngoi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lē-gōa / lī-gōa

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁷ ghua⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lìwài
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lìwài
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴-wai⁴
  - Yale: lì-wài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihway
  - Palladius: ливай (livaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹⁻⁵³ waɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁶ ngoi⁶
  - Yale: laih ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶ ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶ ngoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²² ŋɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li-ngoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: li ngoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴ ngoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵ ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē-gōa
  - Tâi-lô: lē-guā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lexgoa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹⁻²² ɡua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le³³⁻¹¹ ɡua³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³⁻²¹ ɡua³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī-gōa
  - Tâi-lô: lī-guā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lixgoa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²⁻²¹ ɡua²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁷ ghua⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī guā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹ ɡua¹¹/

Verb

例外

to make an exception; to be excepted

Synonyms

破例 (pòlì)

Noun

例外

exception

Derived terms

例外主義／例外主义 (lìwài zhǔyì)
例外論／例外论 (lìwàilùn)
無一例外／无一例外 (wúyīlìwài)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (例外):

→ Japanese: 例外(れいがい) (reigai)
→ Korean: 예외(例外) (ye'oe)
→ Vietnamese: lệ ngoại (例外)

References

汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 666

Japanese

Kanji in this term
例	外
れい Grade: 4	がい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) れーがい [rèégáí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːɡa̠i]

Noun

例(れい)外(がい) • (reigai)

exception

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