to make; to cause; to enable to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger |
the people; nationality; citizen | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (使民) |
使 | 民 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 使 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 踈士切 | 彌鄰切 |
| Baxter | sriX | mjin |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃɨX/ | /miɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃɨX/ | /min/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃieX/ | /mjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂɨX/ | /min/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃiəX/ | /miĕn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃĭəX/ | /mĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂiX/ | /mi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǐ | mín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
si2 | man4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 使 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǐ | mín |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sriX › | ‹ mjin › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-rəʔ/ | /*mi[ŋ]/ |
| English | send; cause | people |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 使 | 民 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11488 | 9130 |
| Phonetic component |
史 | 民 |
| Rime group |
之 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
史 | 民 |
| Old Chinese |
/*srɯʔ/ | /*min/ |