仮名
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
仮 | 名 |
かり Grade: 5 |
な Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare) |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 仮 (kari, “borrowing; provisional thing”, cognate with verb 借る karu, “to borrow”, the Old Japanese form of modern 借りる kariru) + 字 (na, “name, character”), from the way that Chinese characters were borrowed for their phonetic values to spell out the sounds of native Japanese words.[1][2]
In contrast to 真名 (mana, “true name, true character”), a synonym for 漢字 (kanji), indicating Chinese characters used for the meaning instead of for their sound.[1][2]
Noun
仮名 • (karina)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
仮 | 名 |
かり > かん Grade: 5 |
な Grade: 1 |
irregular | kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare) |
/karina/ → /kanna/
Contraction of karina above.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kã̠nːa̠]
Noun
仮名 • (kanna)
- a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
- a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
仮 | 名 |
かり > か Grade: 5 |
な Grade: 1 |
irregular | kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare) |
/karina/ → /kanna/ → /kana/
Contraction of kanna above. The reading may appear to be jūbakoyomi, but is instead actually an irregular development of the kun'yomi.
Noun
仮名 • (kana)
- a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
- a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 86:
- Cana. カナ (仮名・仮字) 日本の文字の一種. Cananiyù. (仮名に言ふ) 皆の人がわかるように, やさしく話す.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
- 振り仮名 (furigana)
- 変体仮名 (hentaigana)
- 平仮名 (hiragana)
- 以呂波仮名 (irohagana)
- 異体仮名 (itaigana)
- 上代仮名 (jōdaigana)
- 仮名文 (kanabumi)
- 片仮名 (katakana)
- 訓仮名 (kungana)
- 真仮名 (magana)
- 豆仮名 (mamegana)
- 万葉仮名 (man'yōgana)
- 送り仮名 (okurigana)
- 音仮名 (ongana)
- 女仮名 (onnagana)
- 男仮名 (otokogana)
- 草仮名 (sōgana)
- 助仮名 (sukegana)
- 捨て仮名 (sutegana)
- 裏仮名 (uragana)
- 総仮名 (sōgana)
- 付け仮名 (tsukegana)
- 読み仮名 (yomigana)
- 四つ仮名 (yotsugana)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
仮 | 名 |
か Grade: 5 |
めい Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
假名 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese [Term?] 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæX mjieng). The kan'on reading, so probably a somewhat later borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Cantonese reading gaa2 meng4-2.
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
仮 | 名 |
け Grade: 5 |
みょう Grade: 1 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
假名 (kyūjitai) |
/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/
From Middle Chinese 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæX mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.
The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrit प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.
Noun
- a pseudonym, an alias, sobriquet, pen name
- in feudal Japan, a public name given to boys upon coming of age, after which their birth names would be kept private
- a provisional name given to someone when the real name is unknown: compare English Jane Doe, John Doe
- (Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named
Synonyms
Antonyms
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.