亂彈

See also: 乱弹

Chinese

	in confusion; disorderly	bullet; shot; ball bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach
trad. (亂彈)	亂	彈
simp. (乱弹)	乱	弹
Literally: “chaotic/disorderly plucking”.

Etymology

An originally derogatory term referring to the tuning system of seven equal divisions of the octave used by local Chinese opera/theater forms during the Qing Dynasty; this system was regarded by some as inferior to the Pythagorean system of tuning, with its twelve divisions of the octave, which had been used during the Ming Dynasty.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luàntán

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun⁶ taan⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lān-thân
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn⁵ dan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luàntán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luàntán
  - Wade–Giles: luan⁴-tʻan²
  - Yale: lwàn-tán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luanntarn
  - Palladius: луаньтань (luanʹtanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lyun⁶ taan⁴
  - Yale: lyuhn tàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lyn⁶ taan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lün⁶ tan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːn²² tʰaːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān-thân
  - Tâi-lô: lān-thân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laxntaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lonn⁵ dan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

Noun

亂彈

(mid-Qing dynasty, derogatory) various forms of local Chinese opera that arose during that time
(music) Alternative name for 秦腔 (Qínqiāng, “Qinqiang; Shaanxi opera”).
(music) Alternative name for 北管戲／北管戏.
(Xiang, music) one of the two major types of vocal music in Hunanese opera

Synonyms

(various forms of local Chinese opera): 花部
(type of vocal music in Hunanese opera): (Xiang) 彈腔／弹腔

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