ク活用

Japanese

Kanji in this term
かつ
Grade: 2
よう
Grade: 2
kan’on

Etymology

From (-ku, the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem form) of adjectival suffix (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, declension, inflection).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つよー [kù káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Noun

活用(かつよう) • (ku katsuyō) くくわつよう (kukwatuyou)?

  1. (Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi:
Archaic 未然形
Irrealis
連用形
Adverbial
終止形
Conclusive
連体形
Attributive
已然形
Realis
命令形
Imperative
清し (kiyoshi, clear) (kiyoku)
から (kiyokara)
清く (kiyoku)
かり (kiyokari)
(kiyoshi) (ki1yo1ki1 → kiyoki)
かる (kiyokaru)
けれ (ki1yo1ke1re → kiyokere) かれ (kiyokare)
高し (takashi, high, tall) 高く (takaku)
高から (takakara)
高く (takaku)
高かり (takakari)
高し (takashi) 高き (takaki1 → takaki)
高かる (takakaru)
高けれ (takake1re → takakere) 高かれ (takakare)
良し (yoshi, good) 良く (yoku)
良から (yokara)
良く (yoku)
良かり (yokari)
良し (yoshi) 良き (yo2ki1 → yoki)
良かる (yokaru)
良けれ (yo2ke1re → yokere) 良かれ (yokare)

The subscripts in the table above indicate differences in vowel class that were already being lost in Old Japanese. It remains unclear what those different vowel classes may have meant. See the Syllables section in the Wikipedia article on Old Japanese for more details.

Usage notes

See also

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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