とし
See also: とじ
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Alternative spellings |
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| 年 歳 |
/to2si/ → /tosi/ → /toɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təsi. Originally referred to grain, particularly rice, and by extension, the year's harvest.[1]
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of とし – see the following entries. | ||
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| (This term, とし, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as とし, see Category:Japanese kanji read as とし.) |
Adjective
とし • (toshi) †-ku
Inflection
Classical conjugation of "とし" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | とく[1] とから[2] | toku tokara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | とく[1] とかり[2] | toku tokari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | とし | tosi | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | とき とかる | toki tokaru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | とけれ | tokere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | とかれ | tokare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | とからず | tokarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | とけれど | tokeredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | とければ | tokereba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | とくば | tokuba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | とかりき | tokariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | とかりけり | tokarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | とく | toku | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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