しむ

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
使む
令む

From Old Japanese.

Suffix

しむ • (-shimu) †nidan

  1. (archaic, after 未然形 (mizenkei) stem)
    1. Forming causative forms of verbs: to make (someone do)
      • 1945, Hirohito, Jewel Voice Broadcast
        朕(ちん)ハ帝(てい)國(こく)政(せい)府(ふ)ヲシテ米(べい)英(えい)支(し)蘇(そ)四(し)國(こく)ニ對(たい)シ其(そ)ノ共(きょう)同(どう)宣(せん)言(げん)ヲ受(じゅ)諾(だく)スル旨(むね)通(つう)告(こく)セシメタリ
        Chin wa teikoku seifu o shite Bei Ei Shi So shikoku ni taishi sono kyōdō sengen o judaku suru mune tsūkoku seshimetari
        We have ordered our government to communicate to the governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that our empire accepts the provisions of their joint declaration.
    2. An honorific or humble suffix.
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "しむ" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) しめsime
Continuative (連用形) しめsime
Terminal (終止形) しむsimu
Attributive (連体形) しむるsimuru
Realis (已然形) しむれsimure
Imperative (命令形) しめよsimeyo
Key constructions
Negative しめずsimezu
Contrasting conjunction しむれどsimuredo
Causal conjunction しむればsimureba
Conditional conjunction しめばsimeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) しめきsimeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) しめけりsimekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) しめつsimetu
Perfect tense (natural event) しめぬsimenu
Perfect-continuative tense しめたりsimetari
Volitional しめむsimemu
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Shift from earlier しも (-shimo).

Prevalent in Late Middle Japanese literature.

Suffix

しむ • (-shimu) 

  1. (obsolete, after 未然形 (mizenkei) stem of quadrigrade or na-row irregular verbs) to respectfully do
See also

Old Japanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

しむ (-simu)

  1. (archaic, after 未然形 (mizenkei) stem) forms causative forms of verbs: to make (someone do)
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