ὕπαρ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *súpr̥, generalized from the zero-grade of an r/n-stem of *swep- (“to sleep”) + *-r̥, whence also ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”). Originally "sleep, dream"; the opposition to ὄναρ (ónar, “deceiving dream”), led to the meaning "true dream", whence "reality". The r-stem appears also in Hittite 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”) and in Latin sopor (“deep sleep, catalepsy”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hý.par/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)y.par/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈy.par/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈy.par/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.par/
Noun
ὕπᾰρ • (húpar) n (genitive —); third declension
- reality, real appearance seen in a state of waking
- Antonym: ὄναρ (ónar)
Usage notes
This noun is only attested in nom. sg.
References
- “ὕπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὕπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ὕπαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ὕπαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ὕπαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕπαρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1532
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šupparii̯e/a-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 788–789
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