ὅσιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Often explained as a derivative in -ιο- from a participal form *s-o-to-, beside alleged *seto- in ἐτάζω (etázō, “to examine, test”), although this account presents difficulties. A connection with Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true”) requires loss of the initial laryngeal. The derivation from Proto-Indo-European *soto- (from a different root *set-, seen in ἐτάζω (etázō) and ἐτεός (eteós)) is defended by Pinault.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hó.si.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)o.si.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈo.si.os/

Adjective

ὅσιος • (hósios) m (feminine ὁσίᾱ, neuter ὅσιον); first/second declension

pious, hallowed, sanctioned by the gods, (as opposed to δίκαιος "sanctioned by human law")
of things which are allowed by divine law but not sacred: profane (as opposed to ἱερός "sacred to the gods")
(of persons) pious, devout, sinless
Synonyms: εὐσεβής (eusebḗs), θρῆσκος (thrêskos)
sinless, pure

Inflection

First and second declension of ὅσιος; ὁσίᾱ; ὅσιον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὅσιος hósios	ὁσίᾱ hosíā	ὅσιον hósion	ὁσίω hosíō	ὁσίᾱ hosíā	ὁσίω hosíō	ὅσιοι hósioi	ὅσιαι hósiai	ὅσιᾰ hósia
Genitive	ὁσίου hosíou	ὁσίᾱς hosíās	ὁσίου hosíou	ὁσίοιν hosíoin	ὁσίαιν hosíain	ὁσίοιν hosíoin	ὁσίων hosíōn	ὁσίων hosíōn	ὁσίων hosíōn
Dative	ὁσίῳ hosíōi	ὁσίᾳ hosíāi	ὁσίῳ hosíōi	ὁσίοιν hosíoin	ὁσίαιν hosíain	ὁσίοιν hosíoin	ὁσίοις hosíois	ὁσίαις hosíais	ὁσίοις hosíois
Accusative	ὅσιον hósion	ὁσίᾱν hosíān	ὅσιον hósion	ὁσίω hosíō	ὁσίᾱ hosíā	ὁσίω hosíō	ὁσίους hosíous	ὁσίᾱς hosíās	ὅσιᾰ hósia
Vocative	ὅσιε hósie	ὁσίᾱ hosíā	ὅσιον hósion	ὁσίω hosíō	ὁσίᾱ hosíā	ὁσίω hosíō	ὅσιοι hósioi	ὅσιαι hósiai	ὅσιᾰ hósia
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὁσίως hosíōs			ὁσιότερος hosióteros			ὁσιότᾰτος hosiótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Noun

ὅσιος • (hósios) m (genitive ὁσίου); second declension

(religion) title of five special priests at Delphi
Biblical: plural οἱ ὅσιοι (hoi hósioi, “the saints”) (LXX Psalm 29.4)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ὅσιος; τοῦ ὁσίου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὅσιος ho hósios	τὼ ὁσίω tṑ hosíō	οἱ ὅσιοι hoi hósioi
Genitive	τοῦ ὁσίου toû hosíou	τοῖν ὁσίοιν toîn hosíoin	τῶν ὁσίων tôn hosíōn
Dative	τῷ ὁσίῳ tôi hosíōi	τοῖν ὁσίοιν toîn hosíoin	τοῖς ὁσίοις toîs hosíois
Accusative	τὸν ὅσιον tòn hósion	τὼ ὁσίω tṑ hosíō	τοὺς ὁσίους toùs hosíous
Vocative	ὅσιε hósie	ὁσίω hosíō	ὅσιοι hósioi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀνόσιος (anósios)
ἀφόσιος (aphósios)
ὁσία (hosía)
ὁσιεύω (hosieúō)
ὁσιότης (hosiótēs)
ὁσιόω (hosióō)

References

“ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὅσιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὅσιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G3741 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- clean idem, page 136.
- clear idem, page 136.
- conscientious idem, page 161.
- devout idem, page 221.
- dutiful idem, page 257.
- god-fearing idem, page 365.
- godly idem, page 365.
- good idem, page 366.
- holy idem, page 403.
- just idem, page 466.
- lawful idem, page 480.
- moral idem, page 540.
- permissible idem, page 607.
- pious idem, page 614.
- profane idem, page 653.
- pure idem, page 658.
- religious idem, page 691.
- reverent idem, page 710.
- righteous idem, page 715.
- sacred idem, page 728.
- secular idem, page 747.
- sinless idem, page 779.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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