ὀφθαλμός
See also: οφθαλμός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Possibly a compound of ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber”), but note the usual ancient Greek word for eye is the similar ὤψ (ṓps), with a long /o/. According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /opʰ.tʰal.mós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /opʰ.tʰalˈmos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /oɸ.θalˈmos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /of.θalˈmos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /of.θalˈmos/
Noun
ὀφθᾰλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθᾰλμοῦ); second declension
- eye
- Synonym: ὤψ (ṓps)
- (in the singular) eye of a master or ruler
- eye of heaven
- that which is dearest or best; light, cheer, comfort
- (botany) eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)
- (surgery) surgical bandage covering one or both eyes
- (architecture, in the dual) disks forming the centers of the volutes of an Ionic capital
- (Byzantine) a kind of stone
- (Byzantine) water inlet of a mill
- sight
- understanding
- Synonym: σῠ́νεσῐς (súnesis)
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ὀφθᾰλμός ho ophthalmós |
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ tṑ ophthalmṓ |
οἱ ὀφθᾰλμοί hoi ophthalmoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ὀφθᾰλμοῦ toû ophthalmoû |
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν toîn ophthalmoîn |
τῶν ὀφθᾰλμῶν tôn ophthalmôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ὀφθᾰλμῷ tôi ophthalmôi |
τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν toîn ophthalmoîn |
τοῖς ὀφθᾰλμοῖς toîs ophthalmoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ὀφθᾰλμόν tòn ophthalmón |
τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ tṑ ophthalmṓ |
τοὺς ὀφθᾰλμούς toùs ophthalmoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὀφθᾰλμέ ophthalmé |
ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ |
ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὀφθᾰλμός ophthalmós |
ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ |
ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ὀφθᾰλμοῦ / ὀφθᾰλμοῖο / ὀφθᾰλμόο ophthalmoû / ophthalmoîo / ophthalmóo |
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν ophthalmoîin |
ὀφθᾰλμῶν ophthalmôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ὀφθᾰλμῷ ophthalmôi |
ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν ophthalmoîin |
ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐ / ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐν / ὀφθᾰλμοῖς ophthalmoîsi(n) / ophthalmoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ὀφθᾰλμόν ophthalmón |
ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ |
ὀφθᾰλμούς ophthalmoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ὀφθᾰλμέ ophthalmé |
ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ |
ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- αἰγόφθᾰλμος (aigóphthalmos)
- αἰλουρόφθᾰλμος (ailouróphthalmos)
- αἰωνόφθᾰλμος (aiōnóphthalmos)
- γερᾰνόφθᾰλμος (geranóphthalmos)
- γλαυκόφθᾰλμος (glaukóphthalmos)
- γοργόφθᾰλμος (gorgóphthalmos)
- δῠσόφθᾰλμος (dusóphthalmos)
- ἐξόφθᾰλμος (exóphthalmos)
- ἑτερόφθᾰλμος (heteróphthalmos)
- εὐόφθᾰλμος (euóphthalmos)
- ἡδῠόφθᾰλμος (hēduóphthalmos)
- κοιλόφθᾰλμος (koilóphthalmos)
- λευκόφθᾰλμος (leukóphthalmos)
- λοξόφθᾰλμος (loxóphthalmos)
- λᾰγώφθᾰλμος (lagṓphthalmos)
- λᾰμπρόφθᾰλμος (lampróphthalmos)
- λῑρόφθᾰλμος (līróphthalmos)
- λῠκόφθᾰλμος (lukóphthalmos)
- μεγᾰλόφθᾰλμος (megalóphthalmos)
- μελᾰνόφθᾰλμος (melanóphthalmos)
- μεσόφθᾰλμος (mesóphthalmos)
- μονόφθᾰλμος (monóphthalmos)
- μᾰλᾰκόφθᾰλμος (malakóphthalmos)
- μῐκρόφθᾰλμος (mikróphthalmos)
- μῡρῐόφθᾰλμος (mūrióphthalmos)
- ὀφθᾰλμηδόν (ophthalmēdón)
- ὀφθᾰλμῖτῐς (ophthalmîtis)
- ὀφθᾰλμοβόλος (ophthalmobólos)
- ὀφθᾰλμοβόρος (ophthalmobóros)
- ὀφθᾰλμοδουλείᾱ (ophthalmodouleíā)
- ὀφθᾰλμοειδής (ophthalmoeidḗs)
- ὀφθᾰλμοκλέπτης (ophthalmokléptēs)
- ὀφθᾰλμοπόνος (ophthalmopónos)
- ὀφθᾰλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos)
- ὀφθᾰλμοστᾰτήρ (ophthalmostatḗr)
- ὀφθᾰλμότεγκτος (ophthalmótenktos)
- ὀφθᾰλμοφᾰνής (ophthalmophanḗs)
- ὀφθᾰλμώρῠχος (ophthalmṓrukhos)
- ὀφθᾰλμῐ́δῐον (ophthalmídion)
- ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ζομαι (ophthalmízomai)
- ὀφθᾰλμῐκός (ophthalmikós)
- ὀφθᾰ́λμῐᾰ (ophthálmia)
- ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱ (ophthalmíā)
- ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱς (ophthalmíās)
- πλᾰτῠόφθᾰλμος (platuóphthalmos)
- πολῠόφθᾰλμος (poluóphthalmos)
- πονηρόφθᾰλμος (ponēróphthalmos)
- πᾰντόφθᾰλμος (pantóphthalmos)
- πῠκνόφθᾰλμος (puknóphthalmos)
- ῥῑψόφθᾰλμος (rhīpsóphthalmos)
- σκληρόφθᾰλμος (sklēróphthalmos)
- σκοροδόφθᾰλμος (skorodóphthalmos)
- στερνόφθᾰλμος (sternóphthalmos)
- ταυρόφθᾰλμος (tauróphthalmos)
- τρῐόφθᾰλμος (trióphthalmos)
- τρῠφερόφθᾰλμος (trupheróphthalmos)
- χᾰροπόφθᾰλμος (kharopóphthalmos)
- ὡραιόφθᾰλμος (hōraióphthalmos)
- ᾰ̓νόφθᾰλμος (anóphthalmos)
- ᾰ̓ντόφθᾰλμος (antóphthalmos)
- ᾰ̓ραιόφθᾰλμος (araióphthalmos)
- ᾰ̓ττελεβόφθᾰλμος (attelebóphthalmos)
- ῠ̔γρόφθᾰλμος (hugróphthalmos)
- ῠ̔όφθᾰλμος (huóphthalmos)
- ῠ̔ψόφθᾰλμος (hupsóphthalmos)
Descendants
- Greek: οφθαλμός (ofthalmós)
- → English: ophthalmo-
- → French: ophtalmo-
- → German: ophthalmo-
References
- “ὀφθαλμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ὀφθαλμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Further reading
- “ὀφθαλμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ὀφθαλμός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ὀφθαλμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ὀφθαλμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ὀφθαλμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3788 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ὀφθαλμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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